CVE-2025-2044: Blood Bank Management System SQL Injection

CVE-2025-2044 Overview

CVE-2025-2044 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0. The flaw exists in the /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php script, where the blood_id parameter is passed to a database query without proper sanitization. An authenticated attacker with administrative privileges can manipulate the parameter to execute arbitrary SQL statements against the backend database. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network, and the exploit details have been disclosed publicly. The issue is categorized under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).

Critical Impact
Remote attackers with administrative access can inject arbitrary SQL through the blood_id parameter, exposing or modifying records stored in the Blood Bank Management System database.

Affected Products

code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0
Deployments using /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php from the upstream code-projects package
Forks and derivative projects that inherit the vulnerable delete_bloodGroup.php logic

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-06 - CVE-2025-2044 published to NVD
2025-05-13 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2044

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in the administrative endpoint /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php. The script accepts a blood_id request parameter and concatenates it directly into a SQL DELETE statement. Because the input is neither parameterized nor escaped, an attacker can break out of the intended query context. The endpoint requires administrative privileges, but once authenticated, an attacker can issue requests that read, modify, or destroy arbitrary database content. Public disclosure of the exploit technique increases the likelihood of opportunistic abuse against exposed installations.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of user-supplied input passed to a SQL interpreter [CWE-74]. The application uses string concatenation to build the DELETE query against the blood group table rather than prepared statements with bound parameters. Any character with SQL semantic meaning, such as a single quote or semicolon, alters the query structure.

Attack Vector

Exploitation occurs remotely over HTTP against the administrative interface. The attacker must hold valid administrator credentials, then submits a crafted blood_id value to /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php. The injected payload can append additional SQL clauses, perform UNION-based extraction, or trigger time-based blind injection. See the GitHub SQL Injection Guide and VulDB #298789 entry for the disclosed proof-of-concept request structure.

No verified exploit code is reproduced here. Refer to the linked advisories for the public payload format.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2044

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION, or SLEEP( in the blood_id parameter
Web server access logs showing repeated administrative requests with abnormally long or encoded blood_id values
Unexpected DELETE, UNION SELECT, or schema enumeration queries in MySQL general or slow query logs originating from the application service account

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that flag SQL metacharacters submitted to /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php
Enable database query logging and alert on DELETE FROM statements that include subqueries or OR 1=1 style tautologies
Correlate administrator session activity with anomalous query volume to detect post-authentication abuse

Monitoring Recommendations

Monitor authentication logs for administrator logins from unfamiliar IP addresses preceding requests to delete endpoints
Track outbound database errors returned in HTTP responses, which often accompany blind SQL injection probing
Alert on bulk deletions or schema queries executed outside expected maintenance windows

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2044

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the /admin/ directory using IP allow-lists or VPN-only access until a patch is applied
Rotate administrator credentials and enforce strong password policies to reduce the value of stolen accounts
Audit existing database records for unauthorized deletions or modifications associated with the blood group table

Patch Information

No official vendor advisory or patch has been published by code-projects at the time of NVD publication. Administrators should review the code-projects website for updates and apply source-level fixes that replace string concatenation with parameterized queries using PDO or mysqli prepared statements.

Workarounds

Modify /admin/delete_bloodGroup.php to cast blood_id to an integer with intval() before use in any SQL statement
Replace inline SQL with prepared statements that bind blood_id as a typed parameter
Place the application behind a WAF with SQL injection signatures enabled for administrative paths
Disable or remove the delete_bloodGroup.php endpoint if blood group deletion is not an operational requirement

bash

# Configuration example - example PHP fix pattern for delete_bloodGroup.php
# Replace vulnerable concatenation:
#   $sql = "DELETE FROM blood_group WHERE id = ".$_GET['blood_id'];
# With a parameterized query:
$blood_id = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'blood_id', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
if ($blood_id === false || $blood_id === null) {
    http_response_code(400);
    exit('Invalid blood_id');
}
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM blood_group WHERE id = :id');
$stmt->bindValue(':id', $blood_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();