CVE-2025-7415 Overview
CVE-2025-7415 is a command injection vulnerability in the Tenda O3V2 router firmware version 1.0.0.12(3880). The flaw resides in the fromTraceroutGet function within the /goform/getTraceroute endpoint handled by the httpd component. An attacker who manipulates the dest argument can inject operating system commands that execute in the router's context.
The issue is reachable over the network and a proof-of-concept exploit has been publicly disclosed. The vulnerability is tracked under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) and affects an end-of-life consumer outdoor wireless device.
Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can inject arbitrary shell commands through the traceroute destination parameter, leading to command execution on affected Tenda O3V2 devices.
Affected Products
- Tenda O3 Firmware version 1.0.0.12(3880)
- Tenda O3 hardware version 2.0 (O3V2)
- Web management interface (httpd) handling /goform/getTraceroute
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-07-10 - CVE-2025-7415 published to NVD with public proof-of-concept disclosed via GitHub Vulnerability Report
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-7415
Vulnerability Analysis
The Tenda O3V2 web server (httpd) exposes diagnostic functionality through the /goform/getTraceroute endpoint. When a request arrives, the fromTraceroutGet handler reads the dest parameter from the HTTP request and uses it to construct a shell command that invokes the system traceroute utility. The handler does not sanitize or validate the dest value before passing it to a command interpreter.
An attacker can append shell metacharacters such as ;, |, or backticks to the dest value. The injected payload is executed with the privileges of the httpd process, which on consumer routers typically runs as root. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the ability to read configuration files, modify firewall rules, pivot into the LAN, or install persistent implants.
Root Cause
The root cause is missing input neutralization on the dest argument [CWE-74]. The firmware concatenates attacker-controlled input directly into a shell command string rather than passing arguments as discrete execve parameters or applying an allowlist of valid hostnames and IP addresses.
Attack Vector
The attack is initiated over the network against the router's HTTP management interface. The attacker submits a crafted request to /goform/getTraceroute containing a dest parameter whose value combines a valid host token with shell metacharacters and the desired command payload. Exploitation requires access to the management interface, which is commonly reachable from the LAN and, in misconfigured deployments, from the WAN.
A public proof of concept is documented in the GitHub PoC for Vulnerability and indexed in VulDB #315875 Detail.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-7415
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP POST or GET requests to /goform/getTraceroute containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &, `, or $( within the dest parameter.
- Unexpected outbound connections from the router IP following management-interface activity.
- Modifications to router configuration, DNS settings, or firewall rules without a corresponding administrator action.
Detection Strategies
- Inspect web access logs from upstream proxies or network sensors for requests targeting /goform/getTraceroute with non-hostname characters in the dest field.
- Deploy network IDS signatures that flag command-injection patterns in HTTP request bodies sent to Tenda management endpoints.
- Compare router firmware checksums and configuration backups against known-good baselines to identify tampering.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Restrict access to the router management interface to a dedicated administrative VLAN and monitor that segment for anomalous HTTP traffic.
- Forward router syslog output to a central log platform and alert on authentication events followed by traceroute API calls.
- Track outbound traffic from the router itself, since legitimate routers should rarely initiate connections beyond DNS, NTP, and vendor update endpoints.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-7415
Immediate Actions Required
- Disable remote (WAN-side) management on affected Tenda O3V2 devices and limit LAN management access to trusted administrative hosts.
- Change default and shared administrator credentials on the device to reduce the risk of authenticated exploitation.
- Place affected devices behind an upstream firewall that blocks unsolicited inbound HTTP requests to the router management port.
Patch Information
At the time of publication, no vendor advisory or fixed firmware version is listed in the NVD entry or on the Tenda Official Website. Organizations operating the Tenda O3V2 should monitor the vendor site for firmware updates addressing the fromTraceroutGet handler and apply them once available.
Workarounds
- Replace the Tenda O3V2 with a supported device if a vendor patch is not made available in a reasonable timeframe.
- Block external access to TCP ports used by the router web interface (typically 80 and 443) at the perimeter firewall.
- Segment the router from sensitive internal networks so that a compromised device cannot directly reach high-value assets.
# Example perimeter firewall rule to block external access to router HTTP management
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <router_wan_ip> --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <router_wan_ip> --dport 443 -j DROP
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
