CVE-2025-67403: CASAP Enrollment System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-67403 Overview

CVE-2025-67403 is a SQL Injection vulnerability in Sourcecodester CASAP Automated Enrollment System 1.0. The flaw resides in update_class.php and is triggered through the class_name parameter, which is passed to a backend SQL query without proper sanitization. Attackers can inject arbitrary SQL statements over the network without authentication or user interaction. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized database access, data modification, credential theft, and full compromise of the application backend. The issue is categorized under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command.

Critical Impact
Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database, leading to complete loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Affected Products

Sourcecodester CASAP Automated Enrollment System 1.0
Vulnerable script: update_class.php
Injection point: class_name HTTP parameter

Discovery Timeline

2026-07-29 - CVE-2025-67403 published to NVD
2026-07-30 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-67403

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the update_class.php endpoint of the CASAP Automated Enrollment System. The application accepts user-supplied input through the class_name parameter and concatenates it directly into a SQL statement. Because the input is not parameterized or escaped, attackers can break out of the intended query context and append arbitrary SQL clauses.

The endpoint is reachable over the network and does not require authentication or user interaction, giving unauthenticated attackers a direct path to the database. Consequences include reading arbitrary tables, modifying enrollment records, dropping data, and extracting administrative credentials that may enable further compromise.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements in a SQL command [CWE-89]. The class_name parameter flows into a dynamically constructed query without prepared statements, parameter binding, or input validation. Any single quote or SQL metacharacter supplied by the client alters the query's syntactic structure.

Attack Vector

An attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to update_class.php with a malicious payload in the class_name field. Typical payloads use classic SQL injection techniques such as union-based extraction, boolean-based blind inference, or stacked queries where the database driver permits them. See the TaintRadar technical writeup for a full reproduction of the injection path.

No verified proof-of-concept code is included here. Refer to the linked technical reference for the tainted data flow analysis.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-67403

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP POST or GET requests to update_class.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or SLEEP( in the class_name parameter.
Web server or PHP error logs showing MySQL syntax errors originating from update_class.php.
Unexpected modifications to the class table or related enrollment tables outside of administrative activity.
Outbound database connections or DNS callbacks initiated from the web application host during suspicious request patterns.

Detection Strategies

Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules that inspect the class_name parameter for SQL injection signatures and block anomalous payloads.
Enable database query logging and alert on queries against the class table that contain unusual keywords like UNION, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, or BENCHMARK.
Correlate HTTP access logs with database audit logs to identify request-to-query anomalies tied to update_class.php.

Monitoring Recommendations

Monitor authentication logs for privilege escalation or newly created administrative accounts following suspicious requests.
Track error rates and response time deviations on update_class.php, which may indicate blind or time-based SQL injection probing.
Baseline normal traffic to the enrollment application and alert on spikes from single source IPs targeting the vulnerable endpoint.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-67403

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the CASAP Automated Enrollment System to trusted networks or place it behind a VPN until a fix is applied.
Deploy WAF rules that block SQL injection patterns targeting update_class.php and the class_name parameter.
Review database and application logs for evidence of prior exploitation and rotate any credentials stored in the affected database.

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no official vendor patch has been referenced in the NVD entry for CVE-2025-67403. Sourcecodester CASAP Automated Enrollment System 1.0 remains vulnerable. Operators should apply source-level fixes by replacing dynamic SQL with parameterized queries using PHP PDO or MySQLi prepared statements and by validating input types before database interaction.

Workarounds

Rewrite the database access in update_class.php to use prepared statements with bound parameters instead of string concatenation.
Apply strict server-side input validation on class_name, allowing only expected characters such as alphanumerics and spaces.
Enforce least-privilege database accounts so the web application cannot execute schema changes or read tables unrelated to enrollment.
Consider migrating to an actively maintained enrollment platform if the vendor does not release a patch.

bash

# Example: least-privilege MySQL account for the CASAP application
CREATE USER 'casap_app'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'STRONG_PASSWORD';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON casap_db.* TO 'casap_app'@'localhost';
REVOKE DROP, ALTER, CREATE ON casap_db.* FROM 'casap_app'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;