CVE-2025-67405: CASAP Enrollment System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-67405 Overview

CVE-2025-67405 is a SQL Injection vulnerability [CWE-89] affecting Sourcecodester CASAP Automated Enrollment System 1.0. The flaw resides in update_password.php and is reachable through the new_password parameter, which is concatenated into a SQL statement without proper sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can inject arbitrary SQL through this parameter to read, modify, or corrupt backend database records.

Critical Impact
Unauthenticated network attackers can manipulate SQL queries via the new_password parameter, exposing user credentials and enrollment data stored by the CASAP application.

Affected Products

Sourcecodester CASAP Automated Enrollment System 1.0
update_password.php endpoint
Backend MySQL/MariaDB database used by the CASAP application

Discovery Timeline

2026-07-29 - CVE-2025-67405 published to NVD
2026-07-30 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-67405

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is a classic SQL Injection [CWE-89] in the password update workflow of the CASAP Automated Enrollment System. The update_password.php script takes the new_password HTTP parameter and embeds it directly into a SQL UPDATE statement. Because the parameter is not validated, escaped, or bound as a prepared-statement value, an attacker can break out of the intended string literal and append arbitrary SQL clauses.

Successful exploitation lets an attacker read arbitrary tables, modify account credentials, or degrade database availability. The application exposes the endpoint without requiring authentication, so exploitation is achievable purely over the network with a crafted HTTP request. Impact is limited to the CASAP database context rather than the underlying operating system.

Root Cause

The root cause is unsafe string concatenation of user-controlled input into a SQL query. The application does not use parameterized queries or an ORM abstraction, and it does not apply input validation to the new_password field before including it in the query.

Attack Vector

Exploitation occurs over the network by submitting a crafted HTTP POST or GET request to update_password.php with a malicious payload in the new_password parameter. The injected payload is executed by the backend database, allowing tautology-based authentication tampering, UNION-based data extraction, or stacked queries depending on the database driver.

Refer to the GitHub TaintRadar SQL Injection Analysis for the taint-flow analysis and vulnerable sink details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-67405

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to update_password.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, --, #, UNION, SELECT, or SLEEP( in the new_password parameter.
Web server access logs showing unusually long or URL-encoded new_password values from unauthenticated sessions.
Database error entries referencing syntax errors originating from the CASAP application user.
Unexpected password changes for administrative or student accounts without matching legitimate user activity.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall signatures that inspect new_password for SQL Injection patterns and block on match.
Enable database query logging and alert on UPDATE or SELECT statements issued by the CASAP service account that reference unexpected tables.
Correlate authentication failures with subsequent successful logins to identify credential tampering through injected UPDATE statements.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward web server, PHP error, and database logs to a centralized analytics platform for correlated review.
Monitor for spikes in requests to update_password.php from single source IPs or automated user agents.
Track schema-level changes and privileged operations performed by the CASAP database user.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-67405

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network exposure of the CASAP application to trusted networks or place it behind a VPN until a fix is applied.
Deploy WAF rules that block SQL Injection payloads targeting the new_password parameter of update_password.php.
Rotate database credentials and reset all user account passwords if exploitation is suspected.
Review database audit logs for unauthorized UPDATE operations on user or credential tables.

Patch Information

No official vendor patch is referenced in the NVD entry at time of publication. Administrators should modify update_password.php to use parameterized queries via PDO or MySQLi prepared statements, and validate the new_password field server-side before persisting it.

Workarounds

Replace string concatenation in update_password.php with prepared statements binding new_password as a typed parameter.
Enforce strict server-side input validation, rejecting characters not permitted in a password policy.
Apply least-privilege permissions to the database account used by CASAP so it cannot read or modify unrelated tables.
Disable or remove the CASAP application if it is not in active use.

bash

# Example WAF rule (ModSecurity) blocking SQLi patterns in new_password
SecRule ARGS:new_password "@rx (?i)(union(\s|/\*.*\*/)+select|sleep\s*\(|--|;|/\*|\bor\b\s+\d+=\d+)" \
    "id:1006740,phase:2,deny,status:403,log,msg:'CVE-2025-67405 SQLi attempt on new_password'"