CVE-2025-4111 Overview
CVE-2025-4111 is a SQL injection vulnerability in PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /admin/visitor-details.php script, where the Status parameter is concatenated into a database query without proper sanitization. An authenticated attacker with low-privilege administrative access can manipulate the parameter to execute arbitrary SQL statements against the backend database. The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output). Exploitation can be performed remotely over the network, and proof-of-concept details have been disclosed publicly through VulDB and a GitHub issue tracker.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers with low privileges can inject arbitrary SQL through the Status parameter in /admin/visitor-details.php, leading to unauthorized read, modification, or deletion of database records.
Affected Products
- PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System 1.0
- Component: /admin/visitor-details.php
- Vulnerable parameter: Status
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-04-30 - CVE-2025-4111 published to NVD
- 2025-05-13 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-4111
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in the administrative visitor management module of the PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System. The /admin/visitor-details.php script processes the Status HTTP parameter and uses it directly within a SQL query string. Because the value is not validated, escaped, or bound through prepared statements, an attacker can append arbitrary SQL syntax to alter query logic. The exploit was disclosed publicly through a GitHub issue tracker and the VulDB entry #306591, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic exploitation against exposed instances.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special characters within a SQL statement [CWE-74]. The Status parameter flows directly from user-controlled input into a query without parameterization. PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System 1.0 does not enforce input validation on this field, allowing characters such as single quotes, semicolons, and SQL keywords to break out of the intended query context.
Attack Vector
An attacker requires network access to the admin interface and authentication with low-privilege credentials. The attacker submits a crafted value for the Status parameter when accessing /admin/visitor-details.php. The injected SQL is executed by the backend database, returning data, modifying records, or enumerating schema structure depending on the payload. No user interaction beyond the attacker's own session is required.
No verified exploit code examples are available for this vulnerability. See the VulDB advisory and the GitHub issue for additional technical context.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4111
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP requests to /admin/visitor-details.php containing SQL meta-characters such as ', --, UNION, SELECT, or SLEEP( in the Status parameter.
- Database error messages or unusually long response times tied to requests targeting the visitor-details endpoint.
- Unexpected administrative session activity originating from external or unfamiliar IP addresses.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect query string and POST parameters for common SQL injection signatures targeting Status.
- Enable verbose access logging on the web server and correlate parameter values against known injection payloads.
- Review database query logs for malformed or anomalous statements referencing the visitor table.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor authentication logs for administrative account compromise that could precede exploitation.
- Alert on outbound database connections initiating large data exports from the application server.
- Track failed and successful access attempts to /admin/ paths to identify reconnaissance activity.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4111
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the /admin/ directory using IP allow-listing or VPN-only access.
- Rotate all administrative credentials and enforce strong password policies on the application.
- Audit the database for unauthorized changes to visitor records and administrative accounts.
Patch Information
No vendor patch has been published for PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System 1.0 at the time of disclosure. Organizations running this application should monitor the PHPGurukul website for updates and consider migrating away from the affected version until a fix is released.
Workarounds
- Apply a WAF rule that blocks SQL meta-characters in the Status parameter for requests to /admin/visitor-details.php.
- Modify the affected PHP source code to use parameterized queries or mysqli_real_escape_string() on the Status input.
- Disable or remove the visitor-details administrative module if it is not required for operations.
- Place the application behind an authenticated reverse proxy to limit exposure of administrative endpoints.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
