CVE-2025-30014: SAP Capital Yield Tax Path Traversal

CVE-2025-30014 Overview

CVE-2025-30014 is a directory traversal vulnerability in SAP Capital Yield Tax Management caused by insufficient path validation. An authenticated attacker with low privileges can supply crafted path sequences to read files outside the intended directory scope. The flaw affects confidentiality only, with no direct impact on integrity or availability. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-35: Path Traversal 'many dot dot slash' and is exploitable over the network.

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can read arbitrary files accessible to the SAP application service account, exposing sensitive tax data, configuration, and credentials.

Affected Products

SAP Capital Yield Tax Management

Discovery Timeline

2025-04-08 - CVE-2025-30014 published to NVD
2025-04-08 - SAP releases guidance via SAP Note #2927164 on SAP Security Patch Day
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-30014

Vulnerability Analysis

SAP Capital Yield Tax Management fails to validate user-supplied path input before resolving file references. An attacker submits path traversal sequences such as ../ to escape the intended directory boundary. The application then reads files the attacker is not authorized to access and returns their contents in the response.

Exploitation requires network access to the application and valid low-privilege credentials. No user interaction is needed. The scope is changed, meaning the vulnerable component can affect resources beyond its security authority, which broadens the set of files an attacker may reach.

Exposed data typically includes tax records, application configuration files, and any other file readable by the SAP work process operating system account. Integrity and availability remain unaffected because the flaw only enables read access.

The EPSS score is 0.737% (49.85 percentile), indicating current exploitation activity is not widely predicted, though the low complexity of directory traversal attacks warrants prompt remediation.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing canonicalization and validation of file path parameters. The application concatenates untrusted input into file access routines without normalizing the resulting path or verifying it resides within an allowed base directory. Traversal sequences therefore resolve to parent directories at the filesystem level.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based against the SAP Capital Yield Tax Management application interface. An authenticated user submits a request containing a file or resource parameter populated with directory traversal sequences. The server processes the request under the SAP work process identity and returns the target file contents. Because privileges required are low, any authenticated business user of the module is a plausible attacker.

No verified public exploit code is available. Refer to SAP Note #2927164 for the authoritative technical description restricted to SAP customers.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-30014

Indicators of Compromise

Application or web server logs containing traversal sequences such as ../, ..\, %2e%2e%2f, or URL-encoded variants in parameters submitted to Capital Yield Tax Management endpoints.
Unexpected read access to files outside the module's document directory by the SAP work process user.
Anomalous response payloads containing operating system configuration data, .ini, .xml, or credential files.

Detection Strategies

Enable SAP Security Audit Log and monitor for unusual file access patterns from low-privilege accounts using Capital Yield Tax Management transactions.
Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules that flag path traversal patterns in HTTP request parameters targeting SAP endpoints.
Correlate authentication events with file read anomalies to identify low-privilege users accessing data outside their business role.

Monitoring Recommendations

Baseline normal file access behavior for the SAP application account and alert on deviations, particularly reads outside the module's working directories.
Review SAP Read Access Logging (RAL) configuration to capture access to sensitive tax data fields.
Forward SAP application logs to a centralized SIEM for retention and correlation with network telemetry.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-30014

Immediate Actions Required

Apply the SAP-provided fix referenced in SAP Note #2927164 to affected Capital Yield Tax Management installations.
Restrict access to the Capital Yield Tax Management module to only users whose business role requires it.
Audit recent application logs for traversal patterns and investigate any matches for unauthorized file access.

Patch Information

SAP addressed this vulnerability as part of SAP Security Patch Day. Customers should log in to the SAP Support Portal and apply the corrections in SAP Note #2927164. Additional context is available on the SAP Security Patch Day portal.

Workarounds

Deploy WAF or reverse proxy rules that reject requests containing ../, ..\, or URL-encoded traversal sequences targeting SAP Capital Yield Tax Management URLs.
Enforce least-privilege file system permissions on the SAP work process account to limit which files can be read if traversal succeeds.
Segment the SAP application network so the module is reachable only from trusted internal subnets, reducing the attacker population able to authenticate.

bash

# Example WAF rule pattern (ModSecurity) to block traversal sequences
SecRule REQUEST_URI|ARGS "@rx (?:\.\./|\.\.\\|%2e%2e%2f|%2e%2e/|\.\.%2f)" \
  "id:1030014,phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Path traversal attempt against SAP module'"