CVE-2025-2869: Clinic Queuing System XSS Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2869 Overview

CVE-2025-2869 is a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in version 1.0 of the Oretnom23 Clinic Queuing System. The flaw resides in the id parameter of the /manage_user.php endpoint. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that, when visited by an authenticated user, executes arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's browser context. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation.

Critical Impact
Successful exploitation enables session hijacking, credential theft through injected forms, unauthorized actions on behalf of the victim, and redirection to attacker-controlled content within the clinic administration interface.

Affected Products

Oretnom23 Clinic Queuing System version 1.0
CPE: cpe:2.3:a:oretnom23:clinic_queuing_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
The /manage_user.php endpoint processing the id parameter

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-28 - CVE-2025-2869 published to the National Vulnerability Database
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2869

Vulnerability Analysis

The Clinic Queuing System accepts user-controlled input through the id query parameter of /manage_user.php and reflects it back into the rendered HTML response without proper output encoding. Because the value is echoed into the page context, an attacker who controls the parameter can inject JavaScript that executes when the page loads.

Exploitation requires that a victim with an active session load an attacker-supplied URL. The reflected payload runs with the privileges of the authenticated user, giving the attacker access to session cookies, DOM contents, and any operations the user can perform through the interface.

The attack requires low privileges and user interaction, and the impact is bounded by the browser's same-origin policy against the vulnerable application. See the INCIBE Security Notice on Vulnerabilities for the coordinated advisory covering this and related issues.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing input sanitization and output encoding for the id parameter in /manage_user.php. The application concatenates the parameter value directly into the HTML response without applying HTML entity encoding or a context-aware escaping function. This violates the neutralization requirements defined by CWE-79.

Attack Vector

An attacker crafts a URL of the form /manage_user.php?id=<payload> where <payload> contains JavaScript such as an event handler or <script> tag. The attacker delivers this URL through phishing email, chat, or a compromised web page. When an authenticated administrator or user clicks the link, the payload reflects into the response and executes in their browser session.

No verified public proof-of-concept code is available for this CVE. Refer to the INCIBE advisory for technical detail.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2869

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP GET requests to /manage_user.php containing URL-encoded <script>, onerror=, onload=, or javascript: tokens in the id parameter
Referer headers pointing to external domains preceding requests to /manage_user.php
Anomalous outbound requests from user browsers to unfamiliar domains after visiting the clinic application
Session cookies appearing in web server access logs or third-party telemetry

Detection Strategies

Deploy a web application firewall rule that inspects the id parameter of /manage_user.php for HTML tags and JavaScript event handlers
Enable verbose HTTP access logging and alert on requests containing common XSS signatures such as <script, %3Cscript, or onerror=
Correlate suspicious requests with subsequent authentication or privilege-change events to identify successful exploitation

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward web server access logs to a centralized logging platform for parameter-level inspection
Monitor browser-side security events, including Content Security Policy violation reports, from user sessions
Track unusual patterns of URL sharing referencing /manage_user.php across email and messaging gateways

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2869

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the Clinic Queuing System administrative interface to trusted networks or a VPN
Deploy a WAF rule that blocks HTML and JavaScript payloads in the id parameter of /manage_user.php
Instruct users and administrators to avoid clicking unsolicited links referencing the application
Rotate active session cookies and force reauthentication after applying protective controls

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no vendor patch is listed in the NVD entry or referenced advisories for Oretnom23 Clinic Queuing System 1.0. Consult the INCIBE Security Notice for the latest vendor guidance and monitor the project for future releases addressing CVE-2025-2869.

Workarounds

Apply server-side input validation that rejects any non-numeric value in the id parameter of /manage_user.php
Configure a strict Content Security Policy that disallows inline scripts and restricts script sources to the application's own origin
Set the HttpOnly and Secure flags on session cookies to reduce the impact of script execution in the browser
If feasible, take the affected application offline until an official fix is released

bash

# Example ModSecurity rule to block script tags in the id parameter
SecRule ARGS:id "@rx (?i)(<script|onerror=|onload=|javascript:)" \
    "id:1002869,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'CVE-2025-2869: Reflected XSS attempt in manage_user.php id parameter'"