CVE-2025-2868: Clinic Queuing System XSS Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2868 Overview

CVE-2025-2868 is a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in version 1.0 of the Oretnom23 Clinic Queuing System. The flaw resides in the page parameter of /index.php, which reflects attacker-controlled input into the response without proper sanitization or output encoding. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that executes arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's browser when clicked. Successful exploitation requires user interaction and authenticated context but no elevated privileges, and enables session-relative actions such as UI manipulation, phishing overlays, and limited data exfiltration from the affected origin. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation.

Critical Impact
An authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript in a victim's browser session by delivering a crafted URL, enabling limited confidentiality and integrity impact on the application's client-side context.

Affected Products

Oretnom23 Clinic Queuing System 1.0
CPE: cpe:2.3:a:oretnom23:clinic_queuing_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vulnerable endpoint: /index.php (parameter page)

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-28 - CVE-2025-2868 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2868

Vulnerability Analysis

The Clinic Queuing System 1.0 uses the page query-string parameter in /index.php to route to internal views. The application reflects this parameter value into rendered HTML without applying context-appropriate output encoding or input validation. As a result, an attacker who supplies JavaScript payloads through the page parameter can trigger script execution in the browser of any user who visits the crafted URL.

Reflected XSS in a healthcare queuing application creates realistic abuse paths. Attackers can hijack authenticated session artifacts, forge in-application actions on behalf of clinic staff, or render phishing content within the trusted domain. The EPSS probability for this CVE is 0.212%, and no public exploit or proof-of-concept has been catalogued in Exploit-DB or CISA KEV at the time of writing.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing input sanitization and output encoding on the page parameter processed by /index.php. User-supplied data flows directly into an HTML response context, allowing script tags, event handlers, or JavaScript URIs to be interpreted by the browser as executable code rather than data.

Attack Vector

Exploitation is remote and network-based. The attacker crafts a URL containing a JavaScript payload in the page parameter and delivers it through phishing email, chat, or an external link. When an authenticated user opens the URL, the browser renders the reflected payload and executes it under the origin of the Clinic Queuing System. No local access or elevated privileges are required, but user interaction is mandatory.

No verified proof-of-concept code is publicly available. Refer to the INCIBE advisory for coordinated technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2868

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP GET requests to /index.php where the page parameter contains encoded or literal HTML/JavaScript tokens such as <script, onerror=, onload=, or javascript:.
Web server access logs showing unusually long, URL-encoded values in the page parameter originating from external referrers.
Browser console errors or Content Security Policy (CSP) violation reports tied to the Clinic Queuing System origin.

Detection Strategies

Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule that inspects the page parameter on /index.php for XSS signatures and blocks or logs matches.
Instrument the application with a strict CSP in report-only mode to identify payload delivery attempts before enforcement.
Correlate outbound clicks on shortened or externally hosted URLs with subsequent requests to /index.php?page= containing script syntax.

Monitoring Recommendations

Alert on repeated 200-response requests to /index.php with parameter values exceeding a defined length or containing angle brackets after URL decoding.
Monitor authentication and session activity for anomalous behavior following user interaction with suspicious links referencing the application.
Review referrer headers on /index.php requests for external domains not associated with normal clinic workflows.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2868

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the Clinic Queuing System to trusted networks or VPN until a vendor patch is confirmed.
Deploy WAF signatures that block XSS payloads targeting the page parameter on /index.php.
Educate clinic staff to avoid clicking untrusted links that reference the application's URL.

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no vendor patch or updated release has been listed in the NVD entry or vendor advisory URLs for Oretnom23 Clinic Queuing System 1.0. Monitor the INCIBE advisory for updates. If no upstream fix becomes available, apply the source-level mitigations described below.

Workarounds

Implement server-side input validation on the page parameter using an allowlist of expected view names, rejecting any value not on the list.
Apply context-aware output encoding (HTML entity encoding for HTML contexts, JavaScript escaping for script contexts) to any reflected user input.
Enforce a strict Content Security Policy that disallows inline scripts and restricts script sources to trusted origins.
Set the HttpOnly and Secure flags on session cookies to reduce the impact of client-side script execution.

bash

# Example nginx rule to block obvious XSS payloads in the page parameter
if ($arg_page ~* "(<|%3C)\s*script|javascript:|onerror=|onload=") {
    return 403;
}

# Recommended response header for the application
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;