CVE-2025-14107: Zspace Q2c NAS Firmware RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-14107 Overview

CVE-2025-14107 is a command injection vulnerability affecting ZSPACE Q2C NAS devices through firmware version 1.1.0210050. The flaw resides in the zfilev2_api.SafeStatus function reachable via the /v2/file/safe/status endpoint of the HTTP POST request handler. Attackers manipulate the safe_dir argument to inject operating system commands that execute on the underlying NAS device. The attack is performed remotely over the network and requires only low-level privileges. The vendor confirmed the issue after early disclosure and indicated that a technical fix is planned. Public exploit details have already been released, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic exploitation against exposed devices.

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary operating system commands on ZSPACE Q2C NAS devices, leading to full compromise of stored data and the underlying firmware.

Affected Products

ZSPACE Q2C NAS firmware versions up to and including 1.1.0210050
ZSPACE Q2C NAS hardware appliance
HTTP POST Request Handler component (zfilev2_api.SafeStatus)

Discovery Timeline

2025-12-05 - CVE-2025-14107 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-14107

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-77] Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command and [CWE-74] Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection). The zfilev2_api.SafeStatus function processes the safe_dir parameter from inbound HTTP POST requests without sanitizing shell metacharacters before passing the value to a system command executor.

Because the NAS firmware concatenates user-controlled input into a shell invocation, an attacker can append arbitrary commands using separators such as ;, |, or backticks. The injected commands run with the privileges of the web service process on the NAS, which typically has broad access to stored files and device configuration. The EPSS data indicates a meaningful probability of exploitation activity in the near term.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing input validation and lack of safe command execution primitives. The safe_dir argument is treated as a trusted file path string and reaches a command-line context without escaping, allowing shell interpretation of attacker-supplied characters.

Attack Vector

A remote attacker authenticated at a low privilege level sends a crafted HTTP POST request to /v2/file/safe/status containing a malicious safe_dir value. The injected commands execute on the NAS, enabling data theft, persistence, lateral movement to other network segments, or destruction of stored content.

No verified exploitation code is referenced in the NVD entry. Technical details and submission metadata are documented in the VulDB entry for CTI ID #334489 and the corresponding VulDB record #334489.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-14107

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP POST requests to /v2/file/safe/status containing shell metacharacters such as ;, &, |, $(), or backticks within the safe_dir parameter.
Unexpected child processes spawned by the NAS web service (for example sh, wget, curl, or nc) shortly after requests to the safe status endpoint.
Outbound connections from the NAS appliance to unfamiliar IP addresses or download of binaries to writable directories.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server and application logs on the NAS for safe_dir values containing non-path characters or URL-encoded shell operators.
Correlate inbound HTTP POST requests to /v2/file/safe/status with subsequent process execution telemetry on the device.
Apply network IDS signatures that match shell injection patterns within the body of requests targeting the zfilev2_api.SafeStatus route.

Monitoring Recommendations

Centralize NAS access and audit logs in a SIEM and alert on anomalous request rates or payload sizes against /v2/file/safe/status.
Baseline normal outbound traffic from the NAS and alert on new destinations, especially over non-standard ports.
Monitor for changes to NAS configuration files, scheduled tasks, and authentication databases that may indicate post-exploitation activity.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-14107

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the NAS management interface to trusted management VLANs and remove any direct exposure to the internet.
Enforce strong authentication and rotate credentials for all accounts that can reach the /v2/file/safe/status endpoint.
Review NAS logs for evidence of prior exploitation against the safe_dir parameter and isolate any device showing suspicious activity.

Patch Information

The vendor confirmed the vulnerability following early disclosure and indicated that a technical fix is planned. At the time of the latest NVD update on 2026-06-17, no patched firmware build is referenced in the advisory. Administrators should track the VulDB submission record #697143 and vendor channels for firmware release notes addressing zfilev2_api.SafeStatus.

Workarounds

Block external network access to the NAS HTTP management service and require VPN connectivity for remote administration.
Place a reverse proxy or web application firewall in front of the NAS to filter HTTP POST requests to /v2/file/safe/status containing shell metacharacters in safe_dir.
Disable the safe directory status feature if not required for business operations, or limit its use to a single hardened administrative account.

bash

# Example WAF rule concept to drop shell metacharacters in safe_dir
# (adapt to your WAF syntax; this is illustrative, not production policy)
SecRule ARGS:safe_dir "@rx [;&|`$()<>]" \
    "id:1014107,phase:2,deny,status:403,\
    msg:'Possible CVE-2025-14107 command injection in safe_dir'"