CVE-2025-14108: Zspace Q2c NAS Firmware RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-14108 Overview

CVE-2025-14108 is a command injection vulnerability affecting ZSPACE Q2C NAS devices up to firmware version 1.1.0210050. The flaw resides in the zfilev2_api.OpenSafe function exposed through the /v2/file/safe/open endpoint of the HTTP POST request handler. Attackers can manipulate the safe_dir argument to inject arbitrary operating system commands. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable and requires only low-level privileges. A public exploit has been released, and the vendor confirmed the issue while planning a technical fix. This weakness maps to [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements) and [CWE-77] (Command Injection).

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary commands on affected ZSPACE Q2C NAS devices, leading to full compromise of stored data and the underlying operating system.

Affected Products

ZSPACE Q2C NAS firmware versions up to 1.1.0210050
ZSPACE Q2C NAS hardware appliance
Deployments exposing the /v2/file/safe/open HTTP endpoint

Discovery Timeline

2025-12-05 - CVE-2025-14108 published to NVD
2025-12-16 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-14108

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is a command injection flaw in the file safe management API of the ZSPACE Q2C NAS. The zfilev2_api.OpenSafe handler processes HTTP POST requests to /v2/file/safe/open and accepts a safe_dir parameter that represents the directory path of an encrypted file safe. The handler passes this parameter into an underlying operating system command without adequate neutralization of shell metacharacters. As a result, attacker-supplied input is concatenated into a shell context and executed by the device.

Exploitation requires network reachability to the management interface and a low-privileged authenticated session. The exploit is publicly available, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic attacks against exposed NAS appliances. The EPSS probability is 1.217% with a percentile of 79.374, indicating elevated exploitation likelihood relative to the broader CVE population.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper input neutralization in the OpenSafe API handler. The safe_dir argument is treated as a trusted filesystem path and forwarded to a shell or command-execution primitive without escaping characters such as ;, |, &, backticks, or $(). Any of these constructs in the supplied path break out of the intended argument context and allow injected commands to execute with the privileges of the NAS service process.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is the network-exposed HTTP management API. An attacker with valid low-privilege credentials sends a crafted POST request to /v2/file/safe/open containing a safe_dir value that includes shell command separators followed by attacker-supplied commands. The device executes the appended commands locally, enabling data exfiltration, persistence, or pivoting into adjacent network segments. No user interaction is required, and the request can be issued remotely against any reachable instance.

No verified exploit code is available from a trusted source. See the VulDB entry #334490 for further technical references.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-14108

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP POST requests to /v2/file/safe/open containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &, `, or $() in the safe_dir parameter.
Unexpected child processes spawned by the NAS web service, particularly shells, network utilities, or download tools.
Outbound connections from the NAS appliance to unfamiliar IP addresses shortly after API calls to the file safe endpoint.
New cron entries, startup scripts, or modified system binaries on the device filesystem.

Detection Strategies

Inspect HTTP request bodies on the NAS management interface for shell metacharacters in the safe_dir field.
Correlate authenticated API sessions with subsequent process execution telemetry from the device, when available.
Alert on anomalous outbound traffic originating from NAS appliances that historically communicate only with internal clients.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward NAS access and application logs to a centralized log platform for retention and search.
Build queries that flag any POST request to /v2/file/safe/open with non-alphanumeric characters beyond standard path separators in safe_dir.
Monitor administrative authentication events and lock out repeated low-privilege logins from untrusted networks.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-14108

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the ZSPACE Q2C NAS management interface to trusted administrative subnets only.
Remove the device from direct internet exposure and place it behind a VPN or firewall ACL.
Rotate all NAS user credentials and audit existing accounts for unexpected privileges.
Review device logs for prior requests to /v2/file/safe/open containing suspicious safe_dir values.

Patch Information

The vendor has confirmed the vulnerability and stated that a technical fix is planned. At the time of NVD publication on 2025-12-05, no patched firmware build has been released. Track the VulDB advisory and ZSPACE vendor channels for the corrected firmware version, and upgrade as soon as a fixed release is available.

Workarounds

Block external access to the /v2/file/safe/open endpoint at an upstream reverse proxy or web application firewall until a patch is installed.
Apply input filtering rules that reject requests containing shell metacharacters in JSON or form fields targeting the file safe API.
Disable or limit use of the file safe feature for non-administrative accounts to reduce the attack surface.
Segment NAS appliances into a dedicated VLAN with egress filtering to contain any successful command execution.

bash

# Example WAF rule (ModSecurity-style) to block shell metacharacters in safe_dir
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@streq /v2/file/safe/open" \
  "phase:2,deny,status:403,id:1014108,\
   chain,msg:'Block CVE-2025-14108 command injection attempt'"
  SecRule ARGS:safe_dir "@rx [;&|`$()<>\\\\]" "t:none"