CVE-2026-7023: ByteDance Coze-Studio SQL Injection Flaw

CVE-2026-7023 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in ByteDance coze-studio versions up to 0.5.1. The vulnerability affects the ExecuteSQL function within the backend/domain/memory/database/service/database_impl.go file of the databaseTool component. Successful exploitation allows remote attackers to manipulate SQL queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. The exploit for this vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and the vendor was contacted but did not respond.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers with low privileges can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to manipulate database queries, potentially compromising data integrity, confidentiality, and availability within coze-studio deployments.

Affected Products

• ByteDance coze-studio versions up to 0.5.1
• Specifically the databaseTool component
• backend/domain/memory/database/service/database_impl.go - ExecuteSQL function

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-04-26 - CVE-2026-7023 published to NVD
• 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-7023

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) exists in the databaseTool component of ByteDance coze-studio. The ExecuteSQL function in database_impl.go fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands that are then executed against the underlying database.

The vulnerability is network-accessible and requires low privileges to exploit. While the immediate impact is limited to low-level access to confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the vulnerable scope, successful exploitation could enable attackers to extract sensitive data, modify database records, or disrupt database operations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the ExecuteSQL function. The affected code path does not properly escape or sanitize user input before constructing SQL statements, allowing malicious SQL fragments to be injected and executed. This represents a classic injection flaw where user-controlled data is concatenated directly into database queries without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements.

Attack Vector

The attack can be initiated remotely over the network by an authenticated user with low privileges. The attacker exploits the ExecuteSQL function by crafting malicious input that contains SQL injection payloads. When the vulnerable function processes this input, the injected SQL commands are executed against the database backend.

The vulnerability manifests in the databaseTool component's query execution logic. Attackers can leverage standard SQL injection techniques to bypass intended query logic, extract data from other tables, or modify database contents. For detailed technical information and proof-of-concept code, refer to the GitHub Gist PoC Repository and the VulDB Vulnerability #359602.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-7023

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages in application logs originating from the databaseTool component
• Anomalous database queries containing SQL injection patterns such as UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or comment sequences (--, /**/)
• Unexpected data access patterns or bulk data extraction from the database
• Authentication anomalies or privilege escalation attempts following databaseTool interactions

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns targeting the coze-studio application
• Implement database activity monitoring to identify suspicious query patterns, particularly those involving the ExecuteSQL function
• Enable verbose logging on the coze-studio application to capture all database interactions for forensic analysis
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor network traffic for SQL injection attack signatures

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor application logs for SQL syntax errors or database exceptions that may indicate injection attempts
• Implement alerting for unusual database query volumes or query patterns that deviate from baseline behavior
• Track authenticated user sessions interacting with databaseTool for signs of exploitation attempts
• Establish baseline metrics for database operations and alert on statistical anomalies

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-7023

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to coze-studio instances to trusted networks only
• Implement additional input validation at the application layer before data reaches the ExecuteSQL function
• Apply principle of least privilege to database accounts used by coze-studio to minimize potential impact
• Enable comprehensive logging and monitoring for all databaseTool operations

Patch Information

At the time of publication, the vendor (ByteDance) was contacted about this vulnerability but did not respond. No official patch is currently available. Organizations using affected versions of coze-studio should monitor the VulDB Vulnerability #359602 and official ByteDance channels for updates. Consider upgrading to versions newer than 0.5.1 if they become available with security fixes.

Workarounds

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules in front of coze-studio deployments
• Implement network segmentation to isolate coze-studio instances from untrusted networks
• Apply strict input validation and sanitization at the application boundary before data reaches the databaseTool component
• Consider disabling or restricting access to the databaseTool functionality if not business-critical

# Example WAF configuration (ModSecurity-style rule)
# Block common SQL injection patterns targeting coze-studio
SecRule ARGS "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1000001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected - CVE-2026-7023',\
    log,\
    auditlog"