CVE-2026-15502 Overview
CVE-2026-15502 is a SQL injection vulnerability affecting AojiaoZero Antaris 1.0. The flaw resides in the _rewardPurchase function within the /ipn.php file, which serves as the PayPal Instant Payment Notification (IPN) payment handler. Attackers can manipulate the item_number argument to inject arbitrary SQL statements into backend database queries. The attack is executed remotely over the network and requires low-level privileges to trigger. The vendor was contacted about this issue prior to public disclosure but did not respond. The vulnerability is categorized under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).
Critical Impact
Remote attackers can inject SQL through the PayPal IPN handler, potentially exposing or modifying database records handling e-commerce transactions.
Affected Products
- AojiaoZero Antaris 1.0
- Component: PayPal IPN Payment Handler (/ipn.php)
- Vulnerable function: _rewardPurchase
Discovery Timeline
- 2026-07-12 - CVE-2026-15502 published to NVD
- 2026-07-13 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2026-15502
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability affects the PayPal IPN payment processing logic in Antaris 1.0. When PayPal sends an IPN callback to /ipn.php, the _rewardPurchase function processes transaction parameters including item_number. This value flows directly into a SQL statement without proper sanitization or parameterization. An attacker crafting a request with malicious SQL syntax in item_number can alter query behavior. Consequences include reading arbitrary database rows, modifying transaction records, or bypassing purchase reward logic to grant unauthorized entitlements.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of user-controllable input passed to a downstream SQL interpreter [CWE-74]. The _rewardPurchase function concatenates the item_number parameter into a database query rather than using prepared statements with bound parameters. Because IPN endpoints are exposed to the public internet to accept PayPal callbacks, the injection point is reachable without prior authentication to the application's user interface.
Attack Vector
Exploitation occurs over the network by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to the /ipn.php endpoint. The attacker supplies a manipulated item_number value containing SQL metacharacters or subqueries. Because IPN handlers typically process input server-side without user interaction, the payload executes as part of the reward processing flow. No user interaction is required. Attackers may abuse this to enumerate database contents, extract customer or order data, or manipulate purchase records.
No verified public proof-of-concept code is available at this time. See the VulDB CVE-2026-15502 entry for additional technical context.
Detection Methods for CVE-2026-15502
Indicators of Compromise
- POST requests to /ipn.php containing SQL metacharacters (single quotes, UNION, SELECT, --, ;) in the item_number parameter.
- Unexpected database errors or query timeouts logged when processing PayPal IPN callbacks.
- IPN requests originating from IP addresses outside the published PayPal IPN source ranges.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect POST body parameters submitted to /ipn.php for SQL injection signatures.
- Enable database query logging and alert on syntactically anomalous queries referencing tables used by the reward or order workflow.
- Correlate IPN request source IPs against the official PayPal IPN sender list to detect spoofed callbacks.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor application logs for _rewardPurchase errors, exceptions, or partial transaction completions.
- Track outbound data volume from database servers to identify potential data exfiltration following injection attempts.
- Alert on any modifications to reward, entitlement, or order tables that lack a corresponding verified PayPal transaction ID.
How to Mitigate CVE-2026-15502
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to /ipn.php at the network layer, allowing inbound requests only from the official PayPal IPN IP ranges.
- Deploy a WAF rule blocking SQL metacharacters in the item_number parameter until a code-level fix is applied.
- Audit database logs and reward-related tables for evidence of prior exploitation attempts.
Patch Information
No vendor patch is currently available. The vendor was contacted regarding this disclosure but did not respond, according to the VulDB advisory. Organizations running Antaris 1.0 should treat the deployment as unmaintained and consider migrating to a supported e-commerce platform.
Workarounds
- Modify _rewardPurchase in /ipn.php to use parameterized queries or prepared statements instead of string concatenation.
- Cast item_number to an integer or validate it against a strict allowlist before use in any SQL query.
- Verify PayPal IPN signature and transaction authenticity server-side before invoking the reward processing routine.
- If the application is not actively processing PayPal payments, disable the /ipn.php endpoint entirely.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
