CVE-2025-7939 Overview
CVE-2025-7939 is an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in jerryshensjf JPACookieShop 蛋糕商城JPA版 version 1.0. The flaw resides in the addGoods function within GoodsController.java. Attackers can manipulate the file upload functionality to upload arbitrary files without proper validation. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network and requires low privileges to trigger. This issue maps to [CWE-434] Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type and [CWE-284] Improper Access Control. JPACookieShop is an open-source cake shop e-commerce application built on Spring Boot and JPA. The vulnerability was published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) on July 21, 2025.
Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can upload arbitrary files to the server through the addGoods endpoint, potentially leading to web shell deployment and remote code execution.
Affected Products
- jerryshensjf JPACookieShop 1.0
- GoodsController.javaaddGoods function
- Spring Boot JPA-based cake shop application
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-07-21 - CVE-2025-7939 published to NVD
- 2025-11-06 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-7939
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in the addGoods function of GoodsController.java in JPACookieShop 1.0. The function handles product image uploads but does not enforce restrictions on file type, extension, or content. An attacker with low-privilege authentication can submit a multipart request containing executable content such as a JSP or other server-side script file. The application accepts and stores the file within the web application directory, where it becomes accessible via HTTP. The flaw is categorized under [CWE-434] Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type and [CWE-284] Improper Access Control, indicating both missing validation and inadequate authorization checks on the upload functionality.
Root Cause
The root cause is the absence of server-side validation for uploaded files in the addGoods controller method. The function does not verify file extension allowlists, MIME type, file magic bytes, or file size constraints. It also does not isolate uploaded content from the executable web application context. This combination allows arbitrary content to be written to a location where the application server may interpret it.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based and requires low-privilege authentication, typically a registered user account on the storefront. The attacker crafts a multipart HTTP POST request to the goods management endpoint and supplies a malicious file masquerading as a product image. After successful upload, the attacker requests the file via its server-accessible path to trigger execution.
No verified proof-of-concept code is published. Refer to the GitHub CVE Report for technical details published by the original reporter.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-7939
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected .jsp, .jspx, .war, or .sh files appearing within JPACookieShop upload directories
- HTTP POST requests to the addGoods endpoint containing non-image Content-Type headers or suspicious filenames
- Outbound network connections originating from the JPACookieShop application process to unknown external hosts
- Web access logs showing GET requests to uploaded files immediately after a POST to addGoods
Detection Strategies
- Inspect Spring Boot application logs for addGoods invocations and correlate with the uploaded filenames and authenticated user accounts
- Deploy file integrity monitoring on the application's static and upload directories to flag new executable file types
- Configure web application firewall (WAF) rules to inspect multipart upload payloads for non-image magic bytes
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward application, web server, and host telemetry to a centralized analytics platform for cross-source correlation of upload activity and subsequent process execution
- Alert on java processes spawning child shells such as bash, sh, or cmd.exe, which can indicate web shell execution
- Track new file creation events under web-accessible paths and review them against expected media file extensions
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-7939
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the JPACookieShop administrative and goods management endpoints to trusted IP ranges until a patch is applied
- Audit the upload directory for unauthorized files and remove any non-image content created since the application was deployed
- Revoke or rotate credentials for any user accounts that have access to the addGoods functionality
Patch Information
No official vendor patch is referenced in the NVD entry at the time of publication. Monitor the JPACookieShop project repository and the VulDB advisory for updates. Until a fix is published, apply the workarounds below.
Workarounds
- Implement a reverse proxy filter that rejects upload requests whose declared Content-Type is not in an allowlist of image MIME types
- Configure the application server to deny execution of files served from the upload directory by mapping it as a static, non-executable location
- Add server-side validation in front of addGoods to verify file magic bytes match permitted image formats and to rename uploaded files with non-executable extensions
- Disable public registration or restrict goods management roles to trusted administrative accounts only
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
