CVE-2025-7906: Ruoyi Framework RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-7906 Overview

CVE-2025-7906 is an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the RuoYi Java-based rapid development platform, affecting versions up to 4.8.1. The flaw resides in the uploadFile function of ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/web/controller/common/CommonController.java. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate the File argument to upload arbitrary files to the server. The issue is tracked under CWE-284 Improper Access Control and has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic exploitation against exposed instances.

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can upload arbitrary files to RuoYi servers, potentially leading to webshell deployment, data tampering, or further lateral movement within the hosting environment.

Affected Products

RuoYi (yangzongzhuan) versions up to and including 4.8.1
ruoyi-admin module containing CommonController.java
Deployments exposing the /common/upload endpoint to untrusted networks

Discovery Timeline

2025-07-20 - CVE-2025-7906 published to the National Vulnerability Database
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-7906

Vulnerability Analysis

RuoYi is a widely used open-source rapid development framework built on Spring Boot. The CommonController component provides a shared file upload endpoint consumed by multiple administrative features. The uploadFile method accepts a MultipartFile parameter named File and persists it to a server-side storage directory without sufficiently restricting the file type, extension, or content. Because the upload path is reachable over the network with low-privileged authenticated access, an attacker can place attacker-controlled content on the server. Depending on how the stored file is subsequently referenced or executed by the application server, this behavior can enable follow-on actions such as webshell staging or configuration tampering. See the GitHub issue discussion for the public report.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper access control and missing validation on the uploaded File argument within uploadFile. The method does not sufficiently enforce an allowlist of safe MIME types or extensions, nor does it isolate uploads from executable paths. This maps to CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) and reflects a classic unrestricted upload pattern.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-reachable and requires low privileges on the RuoYi instance. An authenticated user sends a crafted multipart HTTP POST request to the CommonController upload endpoint, supplying a malicious payload in the File parameter. Successful upload places the file in a server-controlled directory accessible to the application.

No verified exploit code is available in this dataset. Refer to the VulDB entry 317021 and the upstream GitHub issue for further technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-7906

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected files appearing in RuoYi upload directories, especially with executable extensions such as .jsp, .jspx, .war, or double extensions like .jpg.jsp.
HTTP POST requests to the CommonController upload path from accounts that do not normally perform uploads.
New or modified files on disk under the application's static or upload directories shortly after an authenticated session from an unusual source IP.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server and application logs for POST requests to /common/upload carrying multipart payloads with suspicious filenames or content types.
Baseline normal file types written to upload directories and alert on deviations, particularly server-side scripting languages.
Correlate authentication events with subsequent file write activity to identify abuse of low-privileged accounts.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable file integrity monitoring on RuoYi upload and web root directories.
Forward application, access, and OS audit logs to a central analytics platform for correlation and retention.
Monitor outbound connections from the RuoYi host process for signs of post-upload command-and-control activity.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-7906

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network exposure of RuoYi administrative endpoints to trusted management networks or VPN.
Audit existing accounts and remove or rotate credentials for inactive or unnecessary users with upload privileges.
Review upload directories for unexpected files and remove any that are not business-justified.

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no fixed version is listed in the available advisory data for RuoYi beyond 4.8.1. Track the upstream GitHub issue and the project's release notes for an official fix, and upgrade as soon as a patched release is available.

Workarounds

Enforce a strict server-side allowlist of permitted file extensions and MIME types in any custom wrapper around the uploadFile handler.
Store uploaded files in a directory that is not served as executable content by the application server, and rename files to randomized, non-executable names.
Place a web application firewall rule in front of the upload endpoint to block multipart requests containing executable payload signatures.
Require elevated role checks on the upload endpoint and log every invocation for review.

bash

# Example nginx rule to block executable extensions in RuoYi upload paths
location ~* ^/profile/upload/.*\.(jsp|jspx|war|sh|phtml|php)$ {
    deny all;
    return 403;
}