CVE-2025-69946: Loan Management System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-69946 Overview

CVE-2025-69946 is a SQL injection vulnerability in SourceCodester Modern Loan Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in ajaxData.php, where the district_id, division_id, region_id, and ward_id parameters are passed to the backend database without proper sanitization or parameterization. Unauthenticated attackers can send crafted HTTP requests to inject arbitrary SQL statements. Successful exploitation exposes the underlying database to full read, write, and delete operations. The weakness is classified as CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command.

Critical Impact
An unauthenticated network attacker can extract, modify, or destroy loan and customer data stored in the application's database.

Affected Products

SourceCodester Modern Loan Management System 1.0
ajaxData.php endpoint (district_id, division_id, region_id, ward_id parameters)
Related endpoint delete_group.php (id parameter) as referenced in the disclosure

Discovery Timeline

2026-07-31 - CVE-2025-69946 published to NVD
2026-08-03 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-69946

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the ajaxData.php script that services AJAX lookups used to populate cascading location dropdowns in the loan management interface. Client-supplied identifiers for district_id, division_id, region_id, and ward_id are concatenated directly into SQL queries. Because the application does not use prepared statements or type-cast numeric input, an attacker can break out of the intended query context and append arbitrary SQL clauses. The impact covers confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the backing database, including sensitive loan applicant data.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of user input in SQL queries [CWE-89]. The affected PHP handler builds queries via string concatenation rather than using parameter binding through PDO or mysqli_prepare. No allowlist validation or numeric casting is applied to the four identifier parameters before they reach the database driver.

Attack Vector

Exploitation requires only network access to the web application. An attacker sends an HTTP request to ajaxData.php supplying a malicious payload in any of the four vulnerable parameters. Typical payloads use UNION SELECT statements to exfiltrate rows from other tables, boolean-based blind techniques to enumerate schema, or time-based payloads such as SLEEP() when responses are not directly reflected. No authentication or user interaction is required.

For per-parameter proof-of-concept write-ups, see the district_id disclosure, division_id disclosure, region_id disclosure, and ward_id disclosure.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-69946

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to ajaxData.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', ", --, UNION, SELECT, or SLEEP( in the district_id, division_id, region_id, or ward_id parameters.
Web server access logs showing repeated requests to ajaxData.php or delete_group.php with abnormally long or URL-encoded query strings.
Database error messages surfaced in HTTP responses referencing MySQL syntax errors near the four affected parameters.
Anomalous outbound traffic or unexpected information_schema queries from the web application service account.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) signatures for SQL injection patterns targeting the four parameter names in ajaxData.php.
Enable MySQL general query logging or slow query logs and alert on queries referencing information_schema.tables or information_schema.columns originating from the loan application user.
Correlate web access logs with database audit logs to flag AJAX endpoints producing multi-row UNION-based result sets.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward web server, WAF, and database logs to a central analytics platform for time-correlated review.
Alert on HTTP 500 responses from ajaxData.php, which often accompany failed injection probes.
Monitor for spikes in request volume to the AJAX endpoints, particularly from a single source IP performing schema enumeration.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-69946

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the Modern Loan Management System to trusted users while a fix is applied.
Deploy WAF rules that block SQL metacharacters in the district_id, division_id, region_id, and ward_id parameters.
Review web server and database logs for evidence of prior exploitation and rotate any credentials or session tokens that may have been exposed.

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no vendor patch has been referenced in the NVD entry. Administrators should track the TaintRadar disclosure repository for updates and contact SourceCodester for a fixed release. Until a patch is available, apply the workarounds below and consider migrating off the affected application.

Workarounds

Modify ajaxData.php to cast the four identifier parameters to integers using PHP's (int) cast or intval() before use in any SQL query.
Refactor database queries to use prepared statements with bound parameters via PDO or mysqli_prepare.
Apply an allowlist that rejects any value for district_id, division_id, region_id, or ward_id that is not a positive integer matching an existing record.
Run the application's database user under least privilege, removing FILE, DROP, and cross-database access rights.

bash

# Example ModSecurity rule to block SQLi patterns on the affected parameters
SecRule ARGS_NAMES "@rx ^(district_id|division_id|region_id|ward_id)$" \
    "id:1069946,phase:2,deny,status:403,log,\
     msg:'CVE-2025-69946 SQLi attempt on Modern Loan Management System',\
     chain"
  SecRule ARGS "@rx (?i)(union(\s|/\*.*\*/)+select|sleep\s*\(|--|;|'|\")" \
    "t:none,t:urlDecodeUni"