CVE-2025-6783: GoZen Forms WordPress SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-6783 Overview

The GoZen Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the forms-id parameter of the emdedSc() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5. The vulnerability exists due to insufficient escaping on the user-supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this SQL Injection vulnerability to extract sensitive information from WordPress databases, potentially compromising user credentials, personal data, and site configurations without requiring any authentication.

Affected Products

• GoZen Forms WordPress Plugin versions up to and including 1.1.5
• WordPress sites running vulnerable GoZen Forms plugin installations
• Optinlyhq GoZen Forms plugin deployments

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-07-04 - CVE-2025-6783 published to NVD
• 2025-07-09 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-6783

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands within the GoZen Forms plugin. The vulnerable emdedSc() function fails to properly sanitize the forms-id parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This flaw allows attackers to manipulate the SQL query structure by injecting malicious SQL statements through the parameter.

The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it requires no authentication to exploit. Any remote attacker with network access to a WordPress site running the vulnerable plugin can craft malicious requests to extract database contents. The attack surface is broad since form embedding functionality is typically exposed to unauthenticated users.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in two critical security failures within the emdedSc() function:

1. Insufficient Input Escaping: The forms-id parameter is not properly escaped before being used in SQL queries, allowing special characters and SQL syntax to be interpreted as query commands rather than data.

2. Lack of Prepared Statements: The plugin does not utilize parameterized queries or prepared statements, which would separate SQL code from user-supplied data and prevent injection attacks.

WordPress provides the $wpdb->prepare() method specifically to prevent SQL injection by using parameterized queries, but this security control was not implemented in the vulnerable code path.

Attack Vector

The attack can be executed remotely over the network without any authentication requirements. An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request containing SQL injection payloads in the forms-id parameter. The vulnerable emdedSc() function processes this input and incorporates it directly into SQL queries, allowing the attacker to:

• Extract sensitive data from the WordPress database including user credentials, email addresses, and personal information
• Access plugin configuration data and site settings
• Enumerate database structure to identify additional attack targets
• Potentially access data from other applications sharing the same database server

The attack requires no user interaction and can be automated for mass exploitation of vulnerable WordPress installations.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-6783

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages appearing in WordPress error logs or web server logs
• Suspicious HTTP requests to WordPress containing SQL syntax patterns in form-related parameters
• Database access logs showing unexpected queries or data extraction patterns
• Anomalous traffic patterns targeting form embedding endpoints

Detection Strategies

• Deploy web application firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules targeting the forms-id parameter
• Implement log monitoring for requests containing SQL injection patterns such as UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or comment sequences (--, /**/)
• Monitor for unusual database query patterns indicating data enumeration or extraction
• Use intrusion detection systems to alert on HTTP requests with encoded SQL payloads

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable WordPress debug logging to capture potential exploitation attempts
• Configure database query logging to identify anomalous SQL statements
• Set up alerts for high-volume requests to form-related endpoints
• Monitor for data exfiltration indicators such as unusually large response payloads

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-6783

Immediate Actions Required

• Update GoZen Forms plugin to a patched version beyond 1.1.5 immediately
• If update is not possible, temporarily disable or remove the GoZen Forms plugin
• Audit WordPress database for signs of unauthorized access or data extraction
• Reset all user passwords if database compromise is suspected
• Review access logs for evidence of exploitation attempts

Patch Information

Users should update the GoZen Forms plugin to the latest available version. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.1.5. For the most current patch information, consult the WordPress GoZen Forms Plugin page and the Wordfence Vulnerability Report.

Workarounds

• Disable or deactivate the GoZen Forms plugin until a patched version is available
• Implement a web application firewall (WAF) rule to block requests containing SQL injection patterns in the forms-id parameter
• Use WordPress security plugins with SQL injection protection capabilities
• Restrict database user privileges to minimize potential damage from successful exploitation

# Example WAF rule concept for blocking SQL injection attempts
# Block requests to GoZen Forms endpoints with suspicious patterns
# Add to .htaccess or configure in your WAF
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} forms-id=.*(union|select|insert|update|delete|drop|--|;).*$ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F,L]