CVE-2025-67406: Advocate Office Management SQL Injection

CVE-2025-67406 Overview

CVE-2025-67406 is a SQL injection vulnerability affecting Advocate Office Management System version 1.0 from sourcecodester.com. The flaw exists in the control/activate_case.php script, where the id GET parameter is interpolated directly into a SQL query without sanitization. Unauthenticated remote attackers can extract database contents through error-based payloads or time-based blind techniques. The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-89] Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command.

Critical Impact
Unauthenticated attackers can extract arbitrary database contents and, in some configurations, execute stacked SQL statements against the backing MySQL instance.

Affected Products

Advocate Office Management System 1.0 (sourcecodester.com)
Vulnerable file: control/activate_case.php
Vulnerable parameter: id (HTTP GET)

Discovery Timeline

2026-07-29 - CVE-2025-67406 published to NVD
2026-07-30 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-67406

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in control/activate_case.php within the Advocate Office Management System. The script accepts an id value from the query string and concatenates it directly into an SQL statement executed against the MySQL backend. Attackers can append arbitrary SQL clauses through this parameter. The referenced TaintRadar SQLi Analysis demonstrates successful exploitation using sqlmap and Burp Repeater. The EPSS score is 0.159%, reflecting current exploitation probability estimates.

Root Cause

The root cause is unsanitized user input flowing into a dynamically constructed SQL query. The application does not use parameterized queries or prepared statements. It also fails to validate or cast the id parameter to an integer before interpolation. Any string supplied to id becomes part of the executed SQL statement.

Attack Vector

An unauthenticated attacker issues a crafted GET request to http://<host>/advocate/kortex_lite/control/activate_case.php?id=1 with malicious SQL appended to the id value. Two techniques are confirmed by sqlmap. The first is error-based injection using EXTRACTVALUE against MySQL 5.1 or later, which returns extracted data inside SQL error messages. The second is time-based blind injection using SLEEP() against MySQL 5.0.12 or later, which infers data by measuring response delays. Both techniques target the WHERE clause built from the id parameter.

The vulnerable endpoint accepts payloads such as:
GET /advocate/kortex_lite/control/activate_case.php?id=1 AND EXTRACTVALUE(...)
GET /advocate/kortex_lite/control/activate_case.php?id=1 AND (SELECT SLEEP(5))
Full payload details are available in the referenced TaintRadar analysis.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-67406

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP GET requests to activate_case.php containing SQL keywords such as SELECT, UNION, SLEEP, EXTRACTVALUE, or CONCAT in the id parameter.
Web server access logs showing repeated requests to control/activate_case.php?id= with varying suffixes indicative of automated tooling like sqlmap.
Abnormally long response times from activate_case.php consistent with time-based blind payloads using SLEEP().
MySQL error log entries referencing XPATH syntax error produced by EXTRACTVALUE exploitation.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) signatures that flag SQL metacharacters and known injection payloads in the id parameter.
Enable MySQL general query logging temporarily to identify anomalous queries originating from activate_case.php.
Correlate web access logs with database query logs to identify unauthorized data enumeration patterns.

Monitoring Recommendations

Monitor outbound connections from the web server to detect data exfiltration following successful injection.
Alert on User-Agent strings associated with sqlmap and similar automated SQLi tools.
Track baseline response times for activate_case.php and alert on statistical outliers indicative of time-based blind attacks.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-67406

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the Advocate Office Management System to trusted management networks until a patch is applied.
Deploy WAF rules that block SQL injection payloads targeting the id parameter on activate_case.php.
Review web server and database logs for prior exploitation attempts and rotate any credentials that may have been exposed.

Patch Information

No vendor patch is listed in the NVD entry at the time of publication. Administrators should monitor sourcecodester.com for updated releases and consult the TaintRadar SQLi Analysis for remediation context.

Workarounds

Modify control/activate_case.php to cast the id parameter to an integer with intval() before use in SQL statements.
Replace concatenated SQL statements with parameterized queries using PHP Data Objects (PDO) or mysqli prepared statements.
Apply strict input validation that rejects any non-numeric characters in the id parameter at the application entry point.
Run the MySQL service account with least privilege so that stacked or destructive queries cannot alter schema or exfiltrate unrelated data.

bash

# Example PHP remediation pattern using PDO prepared statements
$id = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'id', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
if ($id === false) { http_response_code(400); exit; }
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('UPDATE cases SET active = 1 WHERE id = :id');
$stmt->execute([':id' => $id]);