CVE-2025-6562: Hunt Electronic Hybrid DVR RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-6562 Overview

CVE-2025-6562 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting Hunt Electronic hybrid DVR models HBF-09KD and HBF-16NK. Authenticated remote attackers holding regular user privileges can inject arbitrary operating system commands and execute them on the affected device. The flaw is classified under CWE-78, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command. Successful exploitation grants attackers code execution in the DVR's underlying operating system, enabling surveillance tampering, lateral movement, or persistent device compromise.

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary OS commands on affected DVR devices, leading to full device compromise of surveillance infrastructure.

Affected Products

Hunt Electronic Hybrid DVR HBF-09KD
Hunt Electronic Hybrid DVR HBF-16NK

Discovery Timeline

2025-06-26 - CVE-2025-6562 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-6562

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in the management interface of Hunt Electronic's HBF-09KD and HBF-16NK hybrid DVRs. User-supplied input is passed to an OS command interpreter without proper neutralization of shell metacharacters. An attacker authenticated with standard, non-administrative credentials can append additional commands to legitimate requests, which the device executes with the privileges of the calling service.

The weakness aligns with CWE-78. Because hybrid DVR appliances typically run service processes as a privileged account, command injection often results in effective root-level control of the embedded Linux platform.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing or insufficient input sanitization in a server-side handler that constructs shell commands using attacker-controlled parameters. Metacharacters such as ;, |, &, backticks, and $() are not stripped or escaped before the string is passed to a system shell. Combined with the low privilege barrier, this turns a routine authenticated request into a remote code execution primitive.

Attack Vector

Exploitation requires network reachability to the DVR's web or management service and a valid low-privilege account. Many DVR deployments expose management interfaces to the internet or rely on default and shared credentials, increasing exposure. According to TW-CERT advisories, the affected devices should be patched or isolated from untrusted networks. See the TW-CERT Advisory on Cyber Incident and the TW-CERT Security Report for vendor guidance.

No verified public proof-of-concept code is referenced for this CVE. The vulnerability is described in prose only; technical details should be consulted from the linked TW-CERT advisories.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-6562

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected outbound connections originating from the DVR management IP to unfamiliar destinations.
Authenticated DVR API or web requests containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &&, backticks, or $( ) in parameter values.
New or modified processes on the DVR, abnormal CPU usage, or unfamiliar cron-like scheduled tasks where introspection is available.
Repeated failed login attempts followed by successful low-privilege logins from unusual source IPs.

Detection Strategies

Inspect HTTP/HTTPS request bodies and query strings to DVR management endpoints for shell metacharacters and command chaining patterns.
Correlate authentication events on DVR appliances with subsequent anomalous network behavior such as reverse shell-style egress traffic.
Apply network IDS/IPS signatures targeting OS command injection patterns (CWE-78) on segments where DVRs reside.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward DVR access logs, authentication logs, and firewall logs covering DVR subnets to a centralized SIEM for correlation.
Baseline normal DVR egress traffic and alert on deviations such as connections to non-NTP, non-update destinations.
Track inventory and firmware versions of HBF-09KD and HBF-16NK units to identify unpatched devices.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-6562

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the DVR management interface to trusted administrative subnets using firewall or ACL rules.
Remove any direct exposure of the DVR to the public internet, including port-forwarded HTTP, HTTPS, or RTSP management ports.
Rotate all DVR user credentials and disable default or shared accounts that could be used to reach the vulnerable endpoint.
Apply firmware updates from Hunt Electronic as referenced in the TW-CERT Advisory on Cyber Incident.

Patch Information

Referenced advisories from TW-CERT instruct administrators to contact Hunt Electronic for updated firmware that remediates the OS command injection in HBF-09KD and HBF-16NK models. Consult the TW-CERT Security Report for the latest vendor guidance and patch availability.

Workarounds

Place affected DVRs behind a VPN and require multi-factor authentication for administrative access.
Segment DVR appliances into a dedicated VLAN with strict egress filtering to deny arbitrary outbound connections.
Disable unused management services and reduce the number of accounts that hold even regular-level access to the device.

bash

# Configuration example: restrict DVR management to a trusted admin subnet
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80  -s 10.10.50.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -s 10.10.50.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80  -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP