CVE-2025-65427 Overview
CVE-2025-65427 affects the Dbit N300 T1 Pro Easy Setup Wireless Wi-Fi Router running firmware version V1.0.0. The router's /api/login endpoint does not implement rate limiting. Attackers can submit unlimited authentication requests to enumerate credentials through brute-force attacks. The vulnerability maps to [CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts]. Successful exploitation allows unauthorized administrative access to the affected device. Attack complexity is low and no prior authentication is required, since the login API is directly reachable over the network.
Critical Impact
Attackers on the network can perform unlimited password guesses against the router's login API, leading to credential compromise and full administrative control of the device.
Affected Products
- Dbitnet Dbit N300 T1 Pro Router (hardware)
- Dbitnet Dbit N300 T1 Pro Firmware version 1.0.0
- Devices exposing the /api/login endpoint from firmware V1.0.0
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-12-16 - CVE-2025-65427 published to NVD
- 2026-07-05 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-65427
Vulnerability Analysis
The Dbit N300 T1 Pro router exposes an HTTP-based administrative interface with a login endpoint at /api/login. The firmware does not enforce any throttling, lockout, or CAPTCHA mechanism on repeated failed authentication attempts. An attacker can submit large volumes of credential guesses in rapid succession without triggering any protective response. Because home and small-office routers frequently ship with weak or default credentials, brute-force enumeration becomes practical within a short time window. Compromise of the router provides control over DNS settings, traffic routing, port forwarding, and firmware configuration. This gives attackers a persistent foothold to pivot into internal networks or intercept client traffic.
Root Cause
The root cause is the absence of authentication attempt controls on the /api/login handler. The firmware processes each login POST independently without tracking failure counts per source IP or per account. There is no exponential backoff, account lockout, or session rate limit tied to the endpoint. This design flaw falls under [CWE-307] and directly enables credential enumeration.
Attack Vector
An attacker with network access to the router's management interface sends repeated HTTP POST requests to /api/login containing candidate username and password pairs. Automated tooling such as hydra, ffuf, or a custom script can iterate through wordlists at high request rates. The server response distinguishes valid from invalid credentials, enabling the attacker to identify working combinations. No user interaction is required. A public proof-of-concept is referenced in the GitHub PoC Repository.
No verified exploit code is reproduced here. See the GitHub PoC Repository for the researcher's demonstration.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-65427
Indicators of Compromise
- High volumes of HTTP POST requests to /api/login from a single source IP within short intervals
- Repeated 401 or authentication-failure responses followed by a successful 200 response from the router
- Unexpected administrative sessions or configuration changes on the router (DNS server, port forwarding rules, admin password)
- Login attempts using common default usernames such as admin against the router management interface
Detection Strategies
- Deploy network monitoring to alert on more than a configurable threshold of authentication failures per minute against router management interfaces
- Inspect router logs, where available, for repeated failed login events from the same client
- Correlate router administrative access with expected admin workstation IPs and flag deviations
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward router syslog or SNMP traps to a centralized logging platform for review
- Monitor DHCP and DNS configuration on the router for unauthorized changes indicating post-compromise activity
- Track outbound traffic from the router itself for signs of firmware tampering or command-and-control beaconing
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-65427
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the router administrative interface to trusted management VLANs or wired connections only
- Disable remote management (WAN-side administration) if enabled
- Replace any default or weak administrative credentials with long, unique passwords
- Place the router behind a network segment that enforces rate limiting or IPS controls on management traffic
Patch Information
No vendor patch or security advisory is currently listed in the NVD data for CVE-2025-65427. Contact Dbitnet directly to request a firmware update that implements authentication rate limiting on /api/login. Until a fix is available, treat the device as exposed and apply the compensating controls below.
Workarounds
- Block access to /api/login from untrusted networks using upstream firewall rules
- Deploy a reverse proxy or gateway that enforces per-IP request rate limits in front of the router management interface, where architecturally feasible
- Replace the affected router with a device from a vendor that provides active firmware maintenance if no patch is released
- Monitor authentication attempts and manually block source IPs generating excessive failed logins
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
