CVE-2025-64052 Overview
CVE-2025-64052 is a command injection vulnerability affecting Fanvil X210 IP phones running firmware version 2.12.20. Unauthenticated attackers with local network access can execute arbitrary system commands on the device. The flaw is classified under CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command. No authentication or user interaction is required to exploit the issue. Successful exploitation grants attackers command execution on the underlying operating system of the VoIP endpoint.
Critical Impact
Unauthenticated attackers on the same local network as a vulnerable Fanvil X210 phone can execute arbitrary system commands, potentially pivoting into corporate voice infrastructure.
Affected Products
- Fanvil X210 IP Phone (hardware version 2.0)
- Fanvil X210 Firmware version 2.12.20
- Any deployment exposing the affected device management interface on the local network
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-12-05 - CVE-2025-64052 published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
- 2026-07-05 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-64052
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability is a command injection issue [CWE-77] in the Fanvil X210 firmware. The device fails to properly neutralize special elements passed to a system command handler. An attacker on the local network sends crafted input to an exposed device interface. The firmware passes that input into a shell or system call without sanitization. This allows arbitrary commands to run in the context of the device process. Fanvil X210 phones typically run embedded Linux, meaning successful exploitation yields shell-level access to the endpoint.
EPSS data places this issue in the 85th percentile for exploitation likelihood, indicating meaningful attacker interest despite the local attack requirement. The confidentiality and integrity impact are rated Low because command execution occurs in a constrained embedded environment, but attackers can still capture call metadata, intercept audio configuration, or use the device as a foothold.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper input validation on parameters that flow into a system command executor within the X210 firmware. User-supplied data reaches a shell interpreter without escaping or allow-list enforcement, permitting command chaining through shell metacharacters.
Attack Vector
Exploitation requires local network adjacency. An attacker positioned on the same LAN or VLAN as the phone sends a malicious request to the vulnerable management endpoint. No credentials are required. The GitHub Security Advisory documents the technical details of the affected component and request format.
No verified public proof-of-concept code is available at this time. Refer to the vendor advisory for technical specifics rather than synthetic reproductions.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-64052
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected outbound connections originating from Fanvil X210 phone IP addresses to external hosts
- HTTP requests to the phone management interface containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &&, or backticks
- Unusual process activity or new persistence artifacts on devices accessible via management channels
- Anomalous SIP or provisioning traffic patterns coinciding with administrative endpoint access
Detection Strategies
- Inspect network traffic to VoIP phone management interfaces for injection payloads and encoded shell operators
- Correlate authentication-free requests to Fanvil X210 devices with subsequent outbound connections from the same endpoint
- Baseline normal VoIP device behavior and alert on deviations in DNS, HTTP, or ICMP traffic volume
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward network telemetry from VoIP VLANs into a centralized analytics platform such as Singularity Data Lake for retrospective hunting
- Monitor for firmware version 2.12.20 in asset inventories and flag unpatched devices
- Enable logging on network segmentation devices between user VLANs and voice VLANs to detect lateral access attempts
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-64052
Immediate Actions Required
- Inventory all Fanvil X210 devices and identify units running firmware 2.12.20
- Restrict management interface access to a dedicated administration VLAN using firewall access control lists
- Isolate voice VLANs from user workstation networks to reduce local attacker reachability
- Monitor the Fanvil support portal for a firmware update addressing CVE-2025-64052
Patch Information
At the time of publication, no vendor patch URL is referenced in the NVD entry. Consult the GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-64052 and the Fanvil vendor portal for firmware releases superseding version 2.12.20.
Workarounds
- Place all Fanvil X210 phones on a segmented voice VLAN unreachable from general-purpose user networks
- Enforce 802.1X authentication on switch ports serving VoIP endpoints to limit rogue device access
- Disable or firewall the HTTP management interface where operationally feasible
- Require administrative access to the phone only from a jump host on a restricted subnet
# Example network segmentation controls (illustrative)
# Restrict management access to Fanvil X210 phones to a specific admin subnet
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.20.30.0/24 -d 10.10.50.0/24 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.10.50.0/24 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.10.50.0/24 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
