CVE-2025-63738: Rockoa Information Disclosure Vulnerability

CVE-2025-63738 Overview

CVE-2025-63738 is an information disclosure vulnerability in Xinhu Rainrock RockOA 2.7.0. The flaw exists in index.php, where the a parameter can be manipulated to invoke phpinfo(). Authenticated attackers with low privileges can retrieve sensitive environment data, including PHP configuration, loaded modules, file paths, and server variables. This information supports reconnaissance for follow-on attacks against the application and underlying host. The weakness is tracked under CWE-98, which addresses improper control of filename arguments used in PHP file inclusion statements.

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can disclose PHP environment details and server configuration data, enabling targeted follow-up attacks against RockOA deployments.

Affected Products

Xinhu Rainrock RockOA 2.7.0
cpe:2.3:a:rockoa:rockoa:2.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
index.php endpoint of the RockOA web application

Discovery Timeline

2025-12-09 - CVE-2025-63738 published to the National Vulnerability Database
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-63738

Vulnerability Analysis

RockOA 2.7.0 routes requests through index.php and dispatches them based on the a parameter. The dispatcher does not restrict which handlers can be reached from this parameter. An attacker supplying a value that resolves to phpinfo triggers execution of the native phpinfo() function and returns its output in the HTTP response.

The returned page exposes PHP version, compile options, loaded extensions, include paths, environment variables, server paths, and framework configuration. Attackers use this data to fingerprint the application stack and identify additional weaknesses. Although the CWE classification references PHP Remote File Inclusion (CWE-98), the demonstrated impact in this CVE is information disclosure rather than code execution.

Root Cause

The root cause is insufficient validation of the a request parameter in index.php. The dispatcher allows user-controlled input to resolve to internal diagnostic handlers that should not be accessible from the HTTP surface in production environments.

Attack Vector

An attacker with low-privilege authenticated access sends a crafted HTTP request to index.php with a value for the a parameter that invokes phpinfo. No special user interaction is required beyond submitting the request. Exploitation requires network access to the RockOA interface. Technical details are tracked in GitHub Issue #11.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-63738

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to index.php containing an a parameter value that resolves to phpinfo or similar diagnostic handlers.
Response bodies from RockOA endpoints that contain the string phpinfo() output markers such as PHP Version, Loaded Configuration File, or Build Date.
Unusual response sizes from index.php compared to normal application traffic baselines.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server access logs for query strings targeting index.php with suspicious a parameter values originating from authenticated low-privilege sessions.
Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that match outbound responses containing phpinfo() signatures and block or alert on them.
Correlate authentication events with information-gathering request patterns to identify reconnaissance tied to a specific account.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose HTTP request logging on servers hosting RockOA and forward logs to a centralized analytics platform for review.
Alert on repeated access attempts to index.php with varied a parameter values that may indicate parameter fuzzing.
Monitor privileged account activity following any observed disclosure event to catch pivot attempts.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-63738

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the RockOA interface using network segmentation, VPN, or IP allowlisting until a vendor fix is available.
Audit RockOA user accounts and revoke credentials that are not actively required for business operations.
Review web server logs for prior exploitation attempts and rotate any secrets that may have been exposed through phpinfo() output.

Patch Information

No vendor patch is referenced in the available advisory data at the time of publication. Track updates through the upstream repository issue for remediation guidance from the project maintainers.

Workarounds

Disable the phpinfo function in php.ini by adding it to the disable_functions directive on servers running RockOA.
Deploy a WAF rule that blocks requests to index.php where the a parameter matches diagnostic handler names such as phpinfo.
Remove or rename any diagnostic routes in the application dispatcher that are not required for production operation.

bash

# Configuration example - disable phpinfo via php.ini
disable_functions = phpinfo,system,exec,shell_exec,passthru

# Example nginx rule to block phpinfo invocation via the a parameter
if ($arg_a ~* "phpinfo") {
    return 403;
}