CVE-2025-61480 Overview
CVE-2025-61480 affects the Vanderbilt Industries and Acre Security SPC5300.000 Main Board running firmware version 3.14.1. The vulnerability allows a physically proximate attacker to trigger a denial of service condition. The device accepts spoofed TCP FIN packets without validating the sequence or acknowledgment numbers. This flaw enables an adversary on the same network segment to prematurely terminate active TCP sessions on the intrusion detection panel.
Critical Impact
An attacker with network adjacency can disrupt communications on the SPC5300 Main Board by injecting forged TCP FIN packets, degrading availability of the intrusion detection system.
Affected Products
- Vanderbilt Industries SPC5300.000 Main Board firmware v3.14.1
- Acre Security SPC5300.000 Main Board firmware v3.14.1
Discovery Timeline
- 2026-08-26 - CVE-2025-61480 published to NVD
- 2026-08-26 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-61480
Vulnerability Analysis
The SPC5300 Main Board implements a TCP stack that fails to validate sequence and acknowledgment numbers on inbound TCP FIN segments. When a properly formatted FIN packet arrives with matching source and destination address and port information, the device closes the associated connection regardless of whether the sequence numbers align with the current TCP window. This behavior deviates from RFC 9293 requirements for accepting connection termination signals.
The vulnerability falls under the Denial of Service category and stems from improper input validation in the network stack. Successful exploitation terminates active management or monitoring sessions between the SPC5300 panel and its supervisory endpoints. Repeated injection sustains the denial of service condition and can interrupt alarm reporting, remote configuration, and event logging on the intrusion detection controller.
Root Cause
The root cause is missing validation of TCP sequence and acknowledgment fields during FIN processing. A compliant TCP implementation must confirm that the sequence number of a received FIN segment lies within the receive window before honoring the close request. The SPC5300 firmware skips this check, treating any well-formed FIN as authoritative.
Attack Vector
The attacker requires physical proximity or access to the local network segment carrying SPC5300 traffic. After observing an active TCP session between the panel and a peer, the attacker crafts a spoofed FIN packet using the observed 4-tuple (source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port). Delivery of this packet forces the panel to tear down the session. Refer to the Sikt Security Registration for the underlying research submission.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-61480
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected TCP session terminations between SPC5300 panels and management servers, particularly repeated FIN-driven closures without a corresponding graceful shutdown from the peer.
- TCP FIN packets with sequence or acknowledgment numbers that fall outside the current session window observed on segments carrying SPC traffic.
- Loss of heartbeat, event, or alarm messages from the SPC5300 controller followed by reconnection attempts.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy network intrusion detection signatures that flag TCP FIN packets whose sequence numbers are outside the tracked connection window for known SPC5300 hosts.
- Correlate SPC5300 session drops with local ARP or switch port telemetry to identify unauthorized devices attached to the same broadcast domain.
- Baseline normal session lifetimes between SPC panels and their peers, and alert on statistically anomalous FIN-initiated terminations.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable switch port security and log new MAC addresses on VLANs carrying intrusion detection traffic.
- Forward firewall and switch logs from the security network segment to a central log platform for correlation with SPC5300 event data.
- Monitor SPC5300 availability with active health checks so that induced denial of service conditions surface immediately in operations dashboards.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-61480
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict physical and logical access to the network segment hosting the SPC5300 Main Board to trusted personnel and devices only.
- Segment intrusion detection traffic onto a dedicated VLAN with access control lists that block unauthorized hosts.
- Contact Vanderbilt Industries or Acre Security for firmware guidance and confirm whether a fixed release beyond 3.14.1 is available.
Patch Information
No vendor patch is referenced in the enriched CVE data at the time of publication. Consult the Sikt Security Registration and vendor support channels for updated firmware advisories covering SPC5300.000 Main Board versions beyond 3.14.1.
Workarounds
- Deploy IPsec or another authenticated transport between the SPC5300 panel and its management peers to prevent injection of spoofed segments.
- Enable 802.1X port authentication on switches serving the security network so unauthorized devices cannot inject packets onto the wire.
- Configure firewall rules that permit TCP traffic to the SPC5300 only from a defined allowlist of management addresses, reducing the pool of attackers who can observe and spoof sessions.
# Configuration example: restrict SPC5300 management traffic to an allowlist
# Replace 10.10.20.10 with the SPC5300 IP and 10.10.20.5 with the management host
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.10.20.5 -d 10.10.20.10 -p tcp -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.10.20.10 -p tcp -j DROP
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
