CVE-2025-5858: Nipah Virus Testing Management SQL Injection

CVE-2025-5858 Overview

CVE-2025-5858 is a SQL injection vulnerability in PHPGurukul Nipah Virus Testing Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in /patient-report.php, where the searchdata parameter is passed to a backend SQL query without proper sanitization. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic abuse against exposed deployments. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).

Critical Impact
Remote attackers can extract, modify, or delete sensitive patient data stored in the application database through crafted searchdata input.

Affected Products

PHPGurukul Nipah Virus Testing Management System 1.0
Component: /patient-report.php
Vulnerable parameter: searchdata

Discovery Timeline

2025-06-09 - CVE-2025-5858 published to NVD
2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5858

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the patient report search functionality of the Nipah Virus Testing Management System. When a user submits a search request through /patient-report.php, the application concatenates the searchdata parameter directly into a SQL query string. The lack of parameterized queries or input validation enables an attacker to break out of the intended query context and append arbitrary SQL clauses.

The EPSS score is 0.197% (percentile 41.65), reflecting moderate predicted exploitation activity. Public disclosure of the exploit lowers the barrier to weaponization. While the application is a niche healthcare workflow tool, any instance reachable over the network can be probed using standard SQL injection tooling.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements in a SQL statement [CWE-74]. The searchdata input is incorporated into a query without prepared statements, parameter binding, or escaping. PHP code that uses mysqli_query or equivalent functions with concatenated user input creates a direct path from HTTP request to database engine.

Attack Vector

The attack is delivered remotely over the network and requires low-level authenticated access to the application. An attacker submits a crafted value in the searchdata field of the patient report search form. Successful injection allows the attacker to enumerate database schema, exfiltrate patient records, modify stored data, or chain into authentication bypass. See the GitHub Issue Discussion and VulDB #311604 for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5858

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP POST or GET requests to /patient-report.php containing SQL meta-characters in the searchdata parameter such as ', --, UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or SLEEP(.
Unexpected database errors logged by MySQL or PHP referencing the patient report query.
Anomalous outbound data volumes from the web server tied to patient-report requests.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that flag SQL injection patterns in searchdata and other report parameters.
Enable verbose query logging on the backend database and alert on UNION-based or boolean-based payloads.
Correlate web access logs with database audit logs to identify requests producing abnormally large result sets.

Monitoring Recommendations

Monitor authentication logs for credential stuffing or brute force against the application, since exploitation requires a valid session.
Track HTTP 500 responses originating from /patient-report.php, which often indicate malformed injection attempts.
Review database user activity for queries executed outside of normal business hours or with unusual table access patterns.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5858

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the Nipah Virus Testing Management System to trusted internal networks or VPN-only access until a fix is available.
Disable or remove the patient report search feature if it is not operationally required.
Rotate database credentials and review patient data access logs for signs of unauthorized retrieval.

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been published in the referenced advisories. Refer to the PHP Gurukul Security Resource for vendor updates. Until a patch is released, operators must apply compensating controls. Organizations should consider migrating off the affected version or implementing a reverse proxy that sanitizes input.

Workarounds

Place a WAF in front of the application with signatures for SQL injection targeting the searchdata parameter.
Modify the source of /patient-report.php to use prepared statements with bound parameters via mysqli_prepare or PDO.
Apply strict server-side input validation that rejects non-alphanumeric characters in searchdata unless explicitly required.

bash

# Example ModSecurity rule to block SQLi in searchdata parameter
SecRule ARGS:searchdata "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1005858,phase:2,deny,status:403,\
    msg:'CVE-2025-5858 SQLi attempt in patient-report.php',\
    logdata:'Matched Data: %{MATCHED_VAR}'"