CVE-2025-5857 Overview
CVE-2025-5857 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Patient Record Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in the /urinalysis_record.php script, where the itr_no parameter is passed unsanitized into a database query. Remote attackers with low-privilege access can manipulate the parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of opportunistic abuse against exposed installations. The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).
Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary SQL queries against the backend database, exposing patient records and risking data integrity.
Affected Products
- Fabianros Patient Record Management System 1.0
- Component: urinalysis_record.php
- Parameter: itr_no
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-06-09 - CVE-2025-5857 published to NVD
- 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-5857
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability affects the urinalysis_record.php endpoint in the Patient Record Management System. The application accepts the itr_no argument from a client request and concatenates it directly into a SQL query without parameterization or input validation. Attackers can submit crafted values containing SQL metacharacters to alter query logic. Successful exploitation allows unauthorized data retrieval, modification of stored records, or enumeration of the database schema. Because the application stores medical and patient information, exposure carries direct privacy and integrity consequences. The EPSS score is 0.197% (percentile 41.65), reflecting limited observed exploitation activity at the time of publication.
Root Cause
The root cause is the absence of input sanitization and parameterized queries when handling the itr_no parameter. The PHP code constructs SQL statements through direct string concatenation, allowing user-supplied input to break out of the intended query context. This is a textbook implementation flaw classified under [CWE-74].
Attack Vector
The attack is network-based and requires low-level authenticated access to the application. An attacker submits a malicious value through the itr_no query string or form parameter to /urinalysis_record.php. The injected payload executes within the database session of the web application, enabling data theft or tampering. No user interaction is required to trigger the flaw.
No verified proof-of-concept code is referenced in the advisory beyond the public disclosure. Refer to the GitHub CVE Documentation and VulDB entry #311603 for additional technical details.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5857
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP requests to /urinalysis_record.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, UNION, SELECT, --, or OR 1=1 in the itr_no parameter.
- Unusual database errors or anomalous response sizes returned by urinalysis_record.php.
- Spikes in outbound database query volume originating from the web application user.
Detection Strategies
- Inspect web server access logs for itr_no values containing non-numeric characters or URL-encoded SQL syntax.
- Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) rule set tuned for SQL injection patterns targeting the affected PHP endpoint.
- Enable database query logging and alert on syntactically unusual statements referencing the urinalysis table.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Correlate authentication events with subsequent requests to urinalysis_record.php to identify low-privilege accounts probing the endpoint.
- Monitor for repeated 500-series HTTP responses from the application, which often indicate SQL injection probing.
- Track unexpected schema enumeration queries such as access to information_schema tables.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5857
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the Patient Record Management System to trusted internal networks until a patch is available.
- Audit application accounts and revoke unnecessary low-privilege users that could be leveraged for exploitation.
- Apply WAF signatures that block SQL injection payloads targeting the itr_no parameter.
Patch Information
No official vendor patch is referenced in the advisory at the time of publication. Operators should monitor the Code Projects Resource Hub for vendor updates and consider applying source-level fixes that replace string concatenation with parameterized queries using PDO or mysqli prepared statements.
Workarounds
- Modify urinalysis_record.php to validate that itr_no is strictly numeric before use in any SQL statement.
- Refactor database calls to use prepared statements with bound parameters, eliminating direct interpolation of user input.
- Apply least-privilege principles to the database account used by the web application to limit the impact of successful injection.
- Disable or remove the urinalysis_record.php functionality if it is not required in the deployment.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
