CVE-2025-58116: WN-7D36QR OS Command Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-58116 Overview

CVE-2025-58116 is an OS command injection vulnerability affecting I-O Data WN-7D36QR and WN-7D36QR/UE wireless routers. The flaw stems from improper neutralization of special elements passed to operating system commands [CWE-78]. A remote authenticated attacker can exploit this weakness to execute arbitrary OS commands on the affected device. Successful exploitation grants attackers control over the router's underlying operating system, threatening confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device and connected networks.

Critical Impact

Authenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary operating system commands on affected I-O Data routers, potentially gaining full control of the device and pivoting into internal networks.

Affected Products

• I-O Data WN-7D36QR wireless router
• I-O Data WN-7D36QR/UE wireless router
• Firmware versions prior to the vendor-released fix described in the I-O Data support notice

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-09-17 - CVE-2025-58116 published to NVD
• 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-58116

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-78], improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command. Affected firmware passes attacker-controlled input into a system shell context without adequate sanitization or escaping. An authenticated user with access to a vulnerable management interface can inject shell metacharacters such as ;, |, `, or $() into request parameters that the device passes to underlying OS commands.

Exploitation requires valid credentials, which raises the privilege barrier but does not eliminate risk. Routers exposing management interfaces to untrusted networks, reusing default credentials, or operating in multi-tenant environments remain exposed. After exploitation, attackers can read configuration files, modify firewall rules, pivot to internal hosts, or persist malicious binaries on the device.

Root Cause

The root cause is the construction of OS command strings using concatenated user input rather than parameterized execution. The firmware does not validate or escape shell metacharacters before passing values to a command interpreter, allowing injected payloads to break out of the intended command context.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based against the router's authenticated management surface. An attacker submits crafted parameters containing shell metacharacters through a vulnerable endpoint. The router concatenates the input into a command line and executes the resulting string, running attacker-supplied commands with the privileges of the firmware process, typically root on embedded Linux platforms.

No verified proof-of-concept code is publicly available. See the JVN Vulnerability Information and the I-O Data Support Notice for vendor-confirmed technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-58116

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected outbound connections from the router to unfamiliar IP addresses or geographies
• Unusual processes or shell invocations spawned by the device's web management daemon
• Configuration changes to DNS, firewall, or routing tables that were not made by an administrator
• Authentication events from unexpected source IP addresses preceding device misbehavior

Detection Strategies

• Monitor HTTP and HTTPS requests to the router management interface for shell metacharacters such as ;, &&, |, `, and $() in parameter values
• Inspect router system logs for command executions that do not correspond to normal administrative workflows
• Alert on management-plane logins from sources outside expected administrative subnets
• Correlate router authentication events with subsequent anomalous DNS, NTP, or outbound traffic patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Forward router syslog and authentication events to a centralized log platform for retention and analysis
• Baseline normal management traffic and alert on deviations in request volume, source, or content
• Track firmware version and configuration hashes across deployed devices to identify unauthorized changes

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-58116

Immediate Actions Required

• Apply the firmware update referenced in the I-O Data Support Notice as soon as it is available for your model
• Restrict access to the router's management interface to trusted administrative networks only
• Rotate all router administrator credentials and disable any unused or default accounts
• Audit recent administrative activity and configuration state for signs of unauthorized changes

Patch Information

I-O Data has published an advisory for WN-7D36QR and WN-7D36QR/UE describing the vulnerability and remediation guidance. Refer to the I-O Data Support Notice and the JVN Vulnerability Information for current firmware versions and update instructions. Apply the latest available firmware on all affected devices.

Workarounds

• Disable remote management from WAN interfaces and limit administrative access to the LAN side
• Place the router management interface behind a VPN or jump host to remove direct exposure
• Segment the router from sensitive internal networks until firmware updates are applied
• Enforce strong, unique administrator passwords and enable account lockout where supported