CVE-2025-5779: Patient Record Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-5779 Overview

CVE-2025-5779 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Patient Record Management System 1.0. The flaw exists in the /birthing.php script, where the itr_no and comp_id parameters are passed directly into database queries without sanitization. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate these parameters to alter SQL query logic, exposing or modifying patient records. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of opportunistic abuse against exposed deployments. The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-89] (SQL Injection) and [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements).

Critical Impact
Remote attackers with low-privileged access can inject arbitrary SQL through /birthing.php, leading to unauthorized read or modification of sensitive patient health information.

Affected Products

code-projects Patient Record Management System 1.0
Deployments using the vulnerable /birthing.php endpoint
PHP/MySQL stack environments hosting the application

Discovery Timeline

2025-06-06 - CVE-2025-5779 published to NVD
2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5779

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in /birthing.php, a PHP script that handles birthing record queries within the Patient Record Management System. The script accepts the itr_no and comp_id HTTP parameters and concatenates their values directly into a backend SQL statement. Because no parameterized queries or input filtering are applied, attackers can break out of the intended query context using standard SQL injection payloads.

Successful exploitation allows attackers to read arbitrary tables, enumerate database schema, and potentially modify or delete records. The application stores patient health records, so impact extends to confidentiality of protected health information. Exploitation is performed over the network and requires only low-level authenticated access to the application.

Public disclosure of the proof-of-concept details on the GitHub SQL Injection Report lowers the barrier to attack. EPSS data places the exploitation probability at the lower end of the distribution, but disclosed payloads commonly appear in automated scanning toolkits.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command [CWE-89]. The itr_no and comp_id parameters flow from the HTTP request into a dynamically constructed query string without escaping or prepared statement binding. Any character with SQL semantic meaning, such as single quotes or UNION keywords, is interpreted as part of the query.

Attack Vector

The attack is delivered remotely over HTTP or HTTPS against the /birthing.php endpoint. An attacker submits a crafted value for itr_no or comp_id containing SQL metacharacters. The injected fragment alters the executed query, returning attacker-controlled data or modifying database contents. Authentication at a low privilege level is required, but no user interaction is needed.

The vulnerability mechanism is documented in the public report referenced above. No verified exploitation code is reproduced here. See the VulDB CTI #311323 entry for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5779

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /birthing.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or hex-encoded payloads in itr_no or comp_id parameters.
Unexpected database errors in PHP or MySQL logs referencing birthing.php query failures.
Anomalous outbound database query volumes or schema enumeration patterns from the web application user account.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect query string and POST body parameters for SQL injection signatures targeting /birthing.php.
Enable MySQL general query logging and alert on INFORMATION_SCHEMA access, UNION-based queries, or stacked statements originating from the application user.
Correlate failed query errors with source IP reputation to surface scanning activity against the endpoint.

Monitoring Recommendations

Monitor web server access logs for requests to /birthing.php with unusually long or encoded parameter values.
Track authentication events that precede injection attempts to identify compromised or shared credentials.
Alert on database response sizes that deviate from baseline for the birthing.php workflow, indicating possible data exfiltration.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5779

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the Patient Record Management System using firewall rules or VPN-only access until a fix is applied.
Disable or remove the /birthing.php endpoint if it is not actively required by the deployment.
Audit the application database account and reduce its privileges to the minimum required (no DROP, ALTER, or schema access).
Review web server and database logs for prior exploitation attempts referencing itr_no or comp_id.

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been published in the referenced advisories at the time of NVD update. Operators should monitor the code-projects site and the VulDB #311323 entry for remediation announcements. Until an official fix is released, source-level hardening is required: replace dynamic SQL concatenation in birthing.php with prepared statements using PDO or MySQLi bound parameters, and validate that itr_no and comp_id are strictly numeric before use.

Workarounds

Apply WAF rules that block requests to /birthing.php containing SQL keywords or non-numeric characters in itr_no and comp_id.
Implement input validation at a reverse proxy enforcing integer-only values for the affected parameters.
Place the application behind authentication that limits exposure to trusted internal users only.
Take backups of the patient database and verify integrity to support recovery if compromise is detected.

bash

# Example WAF rule (ModSecurity) restricting birthing.php parameters to numeric values
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@beginsWith /birthing.php" \
    "phase:2,chain,deny,status:403,id:1005779,msg:'CVE-2025-5779 SQLi guard'"
  SecRule ARGS:itr_no|ARGS:comp_id "!@rx ^[0-9]+$" "t:none"