CVE-2025-54947: Apache StreamPark Information Disclosure

CVE-2025-54947 Overview

A critical security vulnerability has been identified in Apache StreamPark versions 2.0.0 through 2.1.7 involving a hard-coded encryption key. This vulnerability occurs because the system uses a fixed, immutable key for encryption instead of dynamically generating or securely configuring the key. Attackers may obtain this key through reverse engineering or code analysis, potentially decrypting sensitive data or forging encrypted information, leading to information disclosure or unauthorized system access.

Critical Impact

Attackers can extract the hard-coded encryption key through reverse engineering, enabling decryption of sensitive data and unauthorized system access without authentication.

Affected Products

• Apache StreamPark versions 2.0.0 through 2.1.6
• Apache StreamPark deployments using default encryption configurations
• Systems storing sensitive data encrypted with the vulnerable static key

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-12-12 - CVE-2025-54947 published to NVD
• 2025-12-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-54947

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability represents a classic case of hardcoded credentials (CWE-798) and use of a hard-coded cryptographic key (CWE-321). Apache StreamPark's encryption mechanism relies on a static, unchangeable key that is embedded directly within the application code or configuration files. This architectural flaw fundamentally undermines the security guarantees that encryption is meant to provide.

The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of encrypted data. Once an attacker extracts the hard-coded key—through decompilation, source code analysis, or configuration file access—they gain the ability to decrypt any data protected by that key across all StreamPark installations using the same vulnerable version.

Root Cause

The root cause stems from insecure cryptographic key management practices within Apache StreamPark. Rather than implementing proper key generation, rotation, and secure storage mechanisms, the application embeds a fixed encryption key directly in the codebase. This approach violates fundamental cryptographic principles:

• The encryption key is identical across all installations of affected versions
• No mechanism exists for key rotation or per-deployment key generation
• The key can be extracted through static analysis of the application binaries or source code

Attack Vector

This vulnerability is exploitable over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability through the following attack chain:

1. Key Extraction: Obtain the hard-coded encryption key by analyzing StreamPark's source code, decompiling application binaries, or accessing configuration files
2. Data Interception: Capture encrypted data transmitted to or from the StreamPark instance
3. Decryption: Use the extracted key to decrypt sensitive information including credentials, API tokens, or business data
4. Forgery: Create forged encrypted payloads that the system will accept as legitimate, potentially leading to privilege escalation or unauthorized actions

The vulnerability does not require local system access, making it particularly dangerous for internet-facing StreamPark deployments.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-54947

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual decryption or encryption operations in StreamPark logs that may indicate key extraction attempts
• Unauthorized access to encrypted configuration files or data stores
• Evidence of source code or binary analysis tools being used against StreamPark installations
• Authentication bypasses or privilege escalation events following encrypted token manipulation

Detection Strategies

• Monitor for anomalous access patterns to StreamPark's encrypted data stores
• Implement file integrity monitoring on StreamPark configuration and binary files
• Deploy application-layer monitoring to detect unusual cryptographic operation patterns
• Review access logs for repeated failed authentication attempts followed by successful access

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed audit logging for all StreamPark encryption and decryption operations
• Configure alerts for access to sensitive encrypted data outside normal operational patterns
• Implement network traffic analysis to detect potential data exfiltration of encrypted content
• Monitor for signs of reverse engineering activities targeting StreamPark deployments

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-54947

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade to Apache StreamPark version 2.1.7 or later immediately
• Audit all data encrypted with the vulnerable static key for potential compromise
• Rotate all sensitive credentials and tokens that may have been protected by the vulnerable encryption
• Review access logs for signs of unauthorized data access or key extraction attempts

Patch Information

Users are strongly recommended to upgrade to Apache StreamPark version 2.1.7, which fixes this vulnerability by implementing secure key management practices. The patch removes the hard-coded encryption key and introduces proper cryptographic key generation and configuration mechanisms.

For additional details, refer to the Apache Security Discussion Thread and the OpenWall OSS Security Update.

Workarounds

• If immediate upgrade is not possible, isolate StreamPark instances from untrusted networks
• Implement additional access controls and authentication layers in front of StreamPark deployments
• Consider encrypting sensitive data at the application layer with separate, securely managed keys before storing in StreamPark
• Restrict access to StreamPark configuration files and application binaries to prevent key extraction

# Verify your StreamPark version
./streampark version

# Upgrade to patched version
wget https://downloads.apache.org/incubator/streampark/2.1.7/apache-streampark-2.1.7-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzf apache-streampark-2.1.7-bin.tar.gz
# Follow Apache StreamPark upgrade documentation for your deployment