CVE-2025-49558: Adobe Commerce Race Condition Vulnerability

CVE-2025-49558 Overview

CVE-2025-49558 is a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability affecting Adobe Commerce, Adobe Commerce B2B, and Magento Open Source. Attackers can exploit timing gaps between resource state validation and use to bypass security controls and gain unauthorized write access. The flaw is categorized under [CWE-367] and impacts Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.9-alpha1, 2.4.8-p1, 2.4.7-p6, 2.4.6-p11, 2.4.5-p13, 2.4.4-p14, and earlier releases. Exploitation does not require user interaction or authentication, though the attack complexity is high due to the race condition timing requirement.

Critical Impact
Successful exploitation permits unauthorized write access to protected resources through security feature bypass, threatening the integrity of storefronts and B2B commerce data.

Affected Products

Adobe Commerce (versions 2.4.4-p14, 2.4.5-p13, 2.4.6-p11, 2.4.7-p6, 2.4.8-p1, 2.4.9-alpha1, and earlier)
Adobe Commerce B2B (versions 1.3.3 through 1.5.3-alpha1)
Magento Open Source (versions 2.4.5 through 2.4.9-alpha1)

Discovery Timeline

2025-08-12 - CVE-2025-49558 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-49558

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in a code path where Adobe Commerce checks the state or attributes of a resource, then acts on that resource in a subsequent operation. Between these two steps, an attacker with precise timing can alter the resource, causing the application to operate on a state that differs from what was validated. This class of flaw is tracked as [CWE-367] Time-of-check Time-of-use race condition.

Because the check and use are non-atomic, security enforcement logic can be bypassed. An attacker who wins the race obtains write access to a resource that would otherwise be protected. Exploitation is network-accessible and requires no privileges or user interaction, but the timing constraints make successful exploitation more difficult than a straightforward injection or authentication flaw.

Root Cause

The root cause is the absence of atomic locking or transactional guarantees between the security check and the resource modification. When Adobe Commerce validates a resource's state, that state can change before the subsequent write operation executes. The window between validation and use creates the exploitable condition.

Attack Vector

An unauthenticated remote attacker sends concurrent or precisely timed requests to trigger the race. One request initiates the validation path while a second request modifies the resource before the write completes. Winning the race grants unauthorized write access, undermining integrity controls on storefront data, configuration, or B2B assets. Adobe's advisory APSB25-71 describes the security feature bypass outcome.

// No verified proof-of-concept code is publicly available.
// Refer to Adobe Security Advisory APSB25-71 for vendor technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-49558

Indicators of Compromise

Bursts of near-simultaneous HTTP requests targeting the same Adobe Commerce endpoint from a single client, indicative of race condition exploitation attempts.
Unexpected modifications to resources such as cart contents, quote data, customer records, or configuration entries with no corresponding legitimate administrative action.
Application logs showing successful writes that occurred milliseconds after a validation check on the same resource identifier.

Detection Strategies

Monitor web server and application logs for high-concurrency request patterns against sensitive Commerce controllers and REST/GraphQL endpoints.
Correlate authorization decisions with subsequent write operations to detect state divergence between check and use.
Deploy web application firewall rules that rate-limit or serialize concurrent requests to sensitive endpoints handling privileged resources.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose audit logging for administrative actions and inventory, order, and quote modifications in Adobe Commerce.
Alert on privilege-sensitive write operations that follow validation checks within sub-second timing windows.
Track anomalous traffic bursts to /rest/, /graphql, and admin endpoints originating from single source IPs.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-49558

Immediate Actions Required

Apply the Adobe security patches referenced in APSB25-71 to all Adobe Commerce, Commerce B2B, and Magento Open Source deployments.
Inventory all Commerce instances and verify version levels against the affected releases listed in the advisory.
Restrict network exposure of admin endpoints to trusted management networks or VPN-only access.

Patch Information

Adobe released fixed versions addressing this vulnerability. Refer to Adobe Security Advisory APSB25-71 for the complete list of patched releases and upgrade guidance. Administrators should upgrade to the versions specified in the advisory rather than remaining on any release listed as affected.

Workarounds

Enforce request rate limiting and concurrency controls at the reverse proxy or WAF layer to reduce the exploitable timing window.
Restrict access to sensitive endpoints via IP allowlisting where feasible until patches are deployed.
Enable two-factor authentication and least-privilege role assignments for all Commerce admin accounts to limit the blast radius of any successful write bypass.

bash

# Example nginx rate-limit directive to constrain burst concurrency
# Add to the http {} block and reference in the relevant location {}
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=commerce_api:10m rate=10r/s;

# In server or location context:
# limit_req zone=commerce_api burst=5 nodelay;