CVE-2025-4940: Daily College Class Work SQL Injection Flaw

CVE-2025-4940 Overview

CVE-2025-4940 is a SQL injection vulnerability in 1000 Projects Daily College Class Work Report Book version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /admin_info.php script, where the batch parameter is passed into a database query without proper sanitization. Remote attackers can exploit the issue over the network without authentication or user interaction. The exploit details have been disclosed publicly, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic attacks against exposed installations. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 for improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated remote attackers can manipulate database queries through the batch parameter, leading to data disclosure, modification, or limited availability impact on the backing database.

Affected Products

• 1000 Projects Daily College Class Work Report Book 1.0
• Affected file: /admin_info.php
• Vulnerable parameter: batch

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-19 - CVE-2025-4940 published to NVD
• 2025-06-12 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-4940

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from unsanitized user input being concatenated into a SQL statement inside /admin_info.php. The batch HTTP parameter is consumed directly by the backend query without parameterized binding or input validation. Attackers can append SQL operators, UNION clauses, or boolean conditions to alter query logic. The flaw is exploitable remotely over the network and does not require authentication or any user interaction. Public disclosure of the exploitation technique increases the operational risk for any internet-facing deployment of the application.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements within database query construction, mapped to [CWE-74]. The application accepts the batch parameter from the HTTP request and inserts it into a SQL statement without using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or input escaping. Any metacharacters supplied by the client become part of the executed SQL syntax.

Attack Vector

An attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the /admin_info.php endpoint with a malicious payload in the batch parameter. Because the application is written in PHP and likely uses MySQL, common injection techniques include boolean-based blind, time-based blind, and UNION-based extraction. Successful exploitation can disclose database contents, alter administrative records, or disrupt application availability. Refer to the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB #309503 for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4940

Indicators of Compromise

• HTTP requests targeting /admin_info.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', ", --, UNION, SELECT, or SLEEP( in the batch parameter.
• Web server access logs showing unusually long batch values, encoded payloads (%27, %20OR%20), or repeated requests from a single source enumerating values.
• Database error messages or HTTP 500 responses correlated with requests to admin_info.php.

Detection Strategies

• Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect query parameters submitted to /admin_info.php for SQL injection signatures.
• Enable verbose database query logging and alert on syntax errors, malformed statements, or anomalous query volume tied to the application user.
• Correlate web access logs with database audit logs to identify request-to-query patterns indicative of injection probing.

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor for repeated requests to admin_info.php from a single IP within a short time window, indicating automated scanning or exploitation.
• Alert on outbound data transfer spikes from the database host that could indicate bulk data extraction.
• Track new or modified administrator accounts and privileged records inside the application database.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4940

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the application using firewall rules or VPN access until a fix is applied.
• Deploy WAF signatures to block SQL injection patterns against /admin_info.php and the batch parameter.
• Review database logs for prior exploitation attempts and rotate credentials if compromise is suspected.
• Audit administrator accounts and sensitive records for unauthorized changes.

Patch Information

No vendor patch is currently referenced in the NVD entry or associated advisories for 1000 Projects Daily College Class Work Report Book 1.0. Organizations should track the vendor site and VulDB CTI ID #309503 for updates. Until a fixed release is published, treat any deployment as vulnerable.

Workarounds

• Rewrite the affected query in /admin_info.php to use parameterized statements via PDO or mysqli prepared statements.
• Apply server-side input validation that enforces an allowlist for the batch parameter (numeric or fixed string values only).
• Run the database account used by the application with the minimum required privileges to limit injection impact.
• Disable or remove the application from public-facing infrastructure if it is not actively required.