CVE-2025-4892: Police Station Management System Overflow

CVE-2025-4892 Overview

CVE-2025-4892 is a stack-based buffer overflow in code-projects Police Station Management System 1.0. The vulnerability resides in the criminal::remove function within source.cpp, part of the Delete Record component. Manipulating the No argument corrupts the stack. The attack requires local access with low privileges. Public disclosure of the exploit details increases the risk of opportunistic misuse against unpatched deployments.

Critical Impact
A local attacker with low privileges can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow [CWE-121] through the Delete Record function, potentially corrupting memory and impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the application.

Affected Products

Fabian Police Station Management System 1.0
Component: Delete Record (source.cpp)
Vulnerable function: criminal::remove

Discovery Timeline

2025-05-18 - CVE-2025-4892 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-4892

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is a stack-based buffer overflow [CWE-121] and improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer [CWE-119]. The flaw exists in the criminal::remove function of source.cpp, which handles record deletion. When the application processes the No argument, it writes user-supplied data to a fixed-size stack buffer without proper bounds validation. Attackers supplying oversized input overflow the buffer and overwrite adjacent stack memory. Consequences include process crash, memory corruption, and potential control-flow hijacking depending on stack layout and compiler protections.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing input length validation on the No parameter before it is copied into a bounded stack buffer inside criminal::remove. C and C++ string handling functions such as strcpy, gets, or unchecked cin extraction into fixed arrays commonly produce this class of defect. Without a length check or use of size-bounded APIs, the function accepts arbitrary-length input and writes past the buffer boundary.

Attack Vector

Exploitation requires local access to the host running the Police Station Management System and low-privilege authentication. The attacker interacts with the Delete Record functionality and submits a crafted value for the No argument that exceeds the destination buffer size. Because the exploit has been publicly disclosed, weaponization by local users on shared systems is straightforward. Impact is limited to the local process context, but successful exploitation can corrupt program state and disrupt operations.

For technical write-up details, see the GitHub CVE Documentation and VulDB entry #309445.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4892

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected crashes or abnormal termination of the Police Station Management System process when invoking the Delete Record function.
Core dumps or Windows Error Reporting entries referencing source.cpp or the criminal::remove symbol.
Anomalously long input values submitted to the No field in application logs or terminal history.

Detection Strategies

Monitor process integrity for the application binary and generate alerts on unexpected exits or access violations.
Deploy runtime memory protection tooling such as AddressSanitizer during testing to surface out-of-bounds writes.
Review command-line history and application logs on multi-user systems for suspicious input patterns targeting the Delete Record workflow.

Monitoring Recommendations

Track local user activity on hosts running the vulnerable application, focusing on interactive sessions and process telemetry.
Correlate application crash events with the invoking user account to identify potential exploitation attempts.
Baseline normal Delete Record usage patterns and alert on outliers such as extremely long input strings.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4892

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict local access to systems running Police Station Management System 1.0 to trusted, authenticated users only.
Discontinue use of this application in production environments where untrusted local users can reach it.
Audit user accounts on affected hosts and remove unnecessary local login privileges.

Patch Information

No vendor patch is currently referenced in the available advisories. The project is distributed through code-projects.org. Track the VulDB entry #309445 for future updates. Organizations maintaining local forks should modify criminal::remove in source.cpp to validate the length of the No argument before copying it into any fixed-size buffer, and replace unsafe string operations with size-bounded equivalents such as strncpy_s or std::string.

Workarounds

Isolate the application on a dedicated host with a single trusted operator account.
Rebuild the application with compiler-level hardening such as stack canaries (-fstack-protector-strong), ASLR, and DEP/NX enabled.
Wrap invocation of the Delete Record function with input validation at the UI layer to reject values above the expected maximum length.

bash

# Example compiler hardening flags when rebuilding from source
g++ -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong \
    -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now \
    source.cpp -o police_station_mgmt