CVE-2025-48497 Overview
CVE-2025-48497 is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability [CWE-352] affecting iroha Board, a learning management system developed by irohasoft. The flaw exists in versions v0.10.12 and earlier. An attacker who convinces an authenticated user to visit a specially crafted URL can register arbitrary learning histories on the victim's behalf. Exploitation requires user interaction but no privileges on the target application.
Critical Impact
Authenticated users who visit an attacker-controlled page can have arbitrary learning history entries registered in their account without consent, compromising the integrity of training records.
Affected Products
- irohasoft iroha Board v0.10.12
- irohasoft iroha Board earlier versions
- Deployments referenced by CPE cpe:2.3:a:irohasoft:iroha_board
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-06-26 - CVE-2025-48497 published to NVD
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-48497
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability stems from missing anti-CSRF protections on state-changing endpoints in iroha Board. State-changing HTTP requests that register learning histories do not validate request origin or verify a per-session CSRF token. An attacker can craft a malicious page containing a form or fetch request targeting the vulnerable endpoint. When a logged-in user loads that page, the browser transmits session cookies alongside the forged request, and the server accepts the action as legitimate.
The impact is limited to integrity of learning records. Confidentiality and availability are not directly affected, and the attacker cannot read responses due to same-origin policy. However, forged history entries can distort compliance reporting, certification tracking, and progress metrics stored by the learning platform.
Root Cause
iroha Board fails to implement synchronizer tokens, SameSite cookie enforcement, or origin validation on requests that write learning history data. This is a classic instance of CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery, where authentication cookies are relied on without additional proof that the request originated from the application itself.
Attack Vector
The attack is delivered over the network and requires user interaction. An attacker hosts a page containing a hidden form or auto-submitting JavaScript targeting the iroha Board history registration endpoint. The attacker then lures an authenticated iroha Board user to the page via phishing, malicious advertising, or a compromised website. On page load, the victim's browser issues the forged request with valid session credentials, and the server registers the attacker-chosen learning history entry.
See the Iroha Board Security Resource and JVN Security Advisory JVN92520966 for vendor-published technical context.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-48497
Indicators of Compromise
- Learning history records created without corresponding course-access log entries or lesson-completion telemetry.
- HTTP Referer or Origin headers on history-registration requests pointing to external, non-iroha Board domains.
- Bursts of history registrations from a single user session immediately after the user browsed external links.
Detection Strategies
- Review web server access logs for POST requests to learning history endpoints whose Referer or Origin does not match the iroha Board deployment.
- Correlate history registration events with authentication events to identify records created outside expected user workflows.
- Alert on user accounts whose history entries do not align with their actual course navigation patterns.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Ingest iroha Board application and web server logs into a centralized analytics platform for cross-referencing user activity.
- Baseline typical history-registration rates per user and flag statistical outliers.
- Track outbound clicks and referrer chains for accounts that report unexpected training records.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-48497
Immediate Actions Required
- Upgrade iroha Board to a release later than v0.10.12 as published on the vendor security page.
- Audit existing learning history records created on vulnerable versions and reconcile them against authoritative training logs.
- Notify users of the risk and instruct them to log out of iroha Board when not actively using the platform.
Patch Information
irohasoft publishes fixed builds on the Iroha Board Security Resource. Administrators should apply the vendor-supplied update that addresses JVN92520966 and confirm the deployed version reports higher than v0.10.12.
Workarounds
- Configure session cookies with SameSite=Lax or SameSite=Strict at the reverse proxy or application layer to block cross-site cookie transmission.
- Restrict administrative and instructor accounts to dedicated browser profiles that do not browse untrusted content.
- Deploy a web application firewall rule that rejects state-changing POST requests to history endpoints when the Origin header does not match the application's own domain.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
