CVE-2025-46391: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-46391 Overview

CVE-2025-46391 is an improper access control vulnerability categorized under [CWE-284]. The flaw allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to modify data over the network without user interaction. The impact is limited to integrity, with no direct effect on confidentiality or availability. The vulnerability was published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) on August 6, 2025, and referenced through the Israeli Government CVE advisories listing.

Critical Impact
An authenticated remote attacker can bypass access control checks to modify protected resources, compromising the integrity of affected systems.

Affected Products

Affected vendor: Not Available in NVD data
Affected product: Not Available in NVD data
Affected versions: Not Available in NVD data

Discovery Timeline

2025-08-06 - CVE-2025-46391 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-46391

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from improper access control [CWE-284] in the affected component. Access control enforcement fails to correctly validate whether an authenticated user is permitted to perform a requested action. As a result, a low-privileged attacker can issue network requests that alter resources reserved for higher-privileged users or roles.

Exploitation requires network reachability and valid low-privileged credentials. No user interaction is required. Confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted, but the integrity impact can cascade into downstream systems that trust the modified data.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing or incorrect authorization checks on privileged operations. The application authenticates users but fails to verify that the authenticated principal has the necessary role or permission for the specific requested action. This pattern typically arises when authorization is enforced at the user interface layer instead of at the server-side API or data-access layer.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based. An attacker with a valid low-privilege account crafts requests targeting protected endpoints or objects. Because access control is enforced improperly, the server processes the request and applies the requested modification. Public exploit code is not currently available, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

No verified proof-of-concept code is available. Refer to the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for additional technical details as they become published.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-46391

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected modifications to protected records, configurations, or resources initiated by non-administrative user accounts.
Authenticated API requests to privileged endpoints from accounts that historically do not access those endpoints.
Audit log entries showing successful state-changing operations without a matching authorization decision event.

Detection Strategies

Correlate authentication events with subsequent write operations to identify low-privilege accounts performing administrative actions.
Baseline normal API usage per user role and alert on deviations, particularly PUT, POST, and DELETE requests to sensitive paths.
Review application audit trails for gaps between user role and executed operation privilege level.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose authorization logging at the API gateway and application tier to capture role, resource, and action per request.
Forward web server, application, and audit logs to a centralized analytics platform for cross-source correlation.
Set alerts on repeated authorization failures followed by a successful sensitive write from the same session.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-46391

Immediate Actions Required

Apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it is available through the advisory referenced by the Israeli Government CVE advisories listing.
Restrict network access to the affected application to trusted management networks and authenticated users only.
Review and reduce privileges of application accounts to enforce least privilege for all users and service identities.

Patch Information

Vendor and product details are not published in the NVD entry for CVE-2025-46391. Consult the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for vendor advisories, fixed versions, and patch guidance associated with this CVE.

Workarounds

Enforce authorization checks at the server-side API and data-access layer rather than relying on client-side controls.
Implement a deny-by-default policy for sensitive endpoints and explicitly allow only required roles.
Rotate credentials for low-privileged accounts and review recent audit logs for signs of misuse until a patch is applied.

bash

# Configuration example
# No verified vendor configuration guidance is available for CVE-2025-46391.
# Refer to the Israeli Government CVE advisories listing for authoritative mitigation steps.