CVE-2025-46386: Authorization Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-46386 Overview

CVE-2025-46386 is an authorization bypass vulnerability classified under [CWE-639] (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key). The flaw allows an authenticated attacker to access or modify resources belonging to other users by manipulating an identifier exposed in a request parameter. Because the affected application trusts a client-supplied key without verifying ownership, attackers can pivot from a low-privilege account to data and functionality outside their authorization scope. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low attack complexity and requires only low privileges. Public disclosure was coordinated through the Israeli Government CVE advisory program.

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can read, modify, or delete other users' data by tampering with object identifiers in requests, leading to confidentiality, integrity, and availability loss.

Affected Products

Specific affected vendor and product details are not published in the NVD record at this time
Refer to the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for vendor-specific guidance
Any web application or API implementing user-controlled object keys without server-side authorization should be considered at risk

Discovery Timeline

2025-08-06 - CVE-2025-46386 published to NVD
2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-46386

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) pattern. The application accepts an identifier supplied by the client, such as a user ID, account number, or record ID, and uses it directly in a backend lookup. The server fails to verify that the authenticated session has rights to operate on the referenced object. As a result, an authenticated user can substitute another user's identifier and receive that user's data or perform actions against it.

The attack requires authentication but no user interaction. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability are all impacted because the bypass typically applies to both read and write operations exposed by the same endpoint. In multi-tenant deployments, the impact extends across tenant boundaries when the identifier is the primary discriminator.

EPSS data assigns a probability of 0.254% with a percentile of 48.9 for near-term exploitation activity, and no public proof-of-concept is currently catalogued.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing server-side authorization checks on object access. The application enforces authentication but treats the user-supplied identifier as authoritative. There is no comparison between the session subject and the resource owner before the action proceeds. This design assumption breaks as soon as a user enumerates or guesses valid identifiers.

Attack Vector

An attacker authenticates with a standard account, captures a legitimate request containing an object identifier, and modifies that identifier to reference a resource owned by another principal. The server returns or mutates the targeted record without challenge. Identifier enumeration is straightforward when sequential integers or predictable values are used. The vulnerability is reachable over the network through normal application traffic, so no special positioning or tooling is required.

No verified exploitation code is publicly available. See the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for technical details specific to the affected product.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-46386

Indicators of Compromise

Repeated requests from a single authenticated session iterating through sequential object identifiers in URL paths or query parameters
Application logs showing successful 200 responses to resource endpoints where the requesting user is not the resource owner
Sudden spikes in record-access volume per session that exceed historical baselines for normal user behavior

Detection Strategies

Implement application-layer logging that records both the authenticated principal and the resource owner for each request, then alert on mismatches
Deploy web application firewall rules that flag identifier tampering patterns such as rapid sequential ID enumeration
Correlate authentication events with resource-access events to detect single sessions touching disproportionate numbers of distinct user records

Monitoring Recommendations

Centralize web server, API gateway, and application logs in a SIEM with retention sufficient to investigate cross-account access patterns
Establish per-user baselines for resource-access counts and alert on statistical outliers
Monitor for unusual data-export activity following identifier-parameter modification on sensitive endpoints

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-46386

Immediate Actions Required

Apply vendor-supplied patches as soon as they are published through the Israeli Government CVE Advisories
Audit application endpoints that accept user, account, or record identifiers and confirm server-side ownership checks are enforced
Rotate session tokens and review access logs for unauthorized cross-account activity covering the period prior to remediation

Patch Information

Vendor patch identifiers are not published in the NVD record for CVE-2025-46386. Administrators should consult the Israeli Government CVE Advisories and the affected vendor's security bulletin for fixed versions and upgrade instructions.

Workarounds

Replace predictable sequential identifiers with unguessable values such as UUIDv4 to raise the cost of enumeration
Enforce authorization at the data-access layer by joining queries against the authenticated session's subject, not the client-supplied key
Apply rate limiting on endpoints that expose object identifiers to slow enumeration attempts while a patch is being deployed

bash

# Configuration example
# Patch and configuration specifics are not published for CVE-2025-46386.
# Consult the vendor advisory for product-specific remediation steps.