CVE-2025-46384: Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability

CVE-2025-46384 Overview

CVE-2025-46384 is an unrestricted file upload vulnerability classified under [CWE-434]. The flaw allows an authenticated remote attacker to upload files of dangerous types to the affected application. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution, data tampering, or full compromise of the hosting server. The vulnerability was disclosed through Israeli Government CVE advisories and published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) on July 20, 2025. Affected vendor and product details have not been published in the NVD record at the time of writing.

Critical Impact
An authenticated attacker with low privileges can upload a malicious file over the network and achieve high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability without user interaction.

Affected Products

Specific affected vendor: Not Available in NVD record
Specific affected product: Not Available in NVD record
Affected versions: Not Available in NVD record

Discovery Timeline

2025-07-20 - CVE-2025-46384 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-46384

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from improper validation of uploaded file types in the affected application. The upload handler accepts files without enforcing a strict allow-list of permitted extensions, content types, or magic bytes. An attacker authenticated with low privileges can submit a server-executable file, such as a web shell, through the upload endpoint. Once stored in a web-accessible directory, the file can be requested directly to trigger code execution under the application's runtime context.

The attack requires network access and low-level authenticated privileges. No user interaction is required, and the scope remains within the vulnerable component. The combined impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, consistent with a path leading to arbitrary code execution on the target host.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing or insufficient server-side validation on file upload routines, categorized as [CWE-434] Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type. Validation deficiencies typically include reliance on client-supplied MIME types, extension-only checks, or failure to rename and relocate uploaded files outside the web root.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based. An authenticated attacker submits a crafted multipart upload request containing a dangerous file type, such as a server-side script. After the file is stored in a directory served by the application, the attacker issues a follow-up HTTP request to execute the uploaded payload. The vulnerability description and Israeli Government advisory do not publish a proof-of-concept exploit at this time.

No verified exploit code is available. Refer to the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for additional context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-46384

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected script files such as .php, .jsp, .aspx, or .cgi appearing in user-writable upload directories.
HTTP POST requests to upload endpoints followed by GET requests to newly created files in upload paths.
Outbound network connections initiated by the web server process to attacker-controlled infrastructure.
New child processes spawned by the web server user account immediately after file write events.

Detection Strategies

Monitor file integrity in upload directories and alert on creation of executable or scriptable file types.
Correlate authentication events with subsequent upload activity to identify abuse of low-privileged accounts.
Inspect web server access logs for sequential upload-then-execute patterns from a single source.
Apply behavioral analytics on web server processes to flag anomalous process creation or shell invocation.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward web application logs, file system audit events, and process telemetry to a centralized analytics platform.
Track per-account upload volume and file-type distribution to baseline normal behavior and detect outliers.
Alert on web server processes executing interpreters such as sh, bash, cmd.exe, or powershell.exe.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-46384

Immediate Actions Required

Identify the affected application and apply the vendor-supplied security update once published.
Restrict access to upload functionality to trusted user roles and revoke unnecessary upload permissions.
Audit upload directories for unauthorized files and remove any suspicious content discovered during review.
Rotate credentials for accounts with upload privileges if compromise is suspected.

Patch Information

Vendor and patch information is not published in the NVD entry. Consult the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for vendor identification and any released fixes. Apply official updates as soon as they become available.

Workarounds

Configure the web server to deny script execution within upload directories using directives such as php_flag engine off or equivalent handler removal.
Enforce server-side validation that combines an allow-list of extensions, MIME type checks, and magic-byte inspection.
Store uploaded files outside the web root and serve them through a controlled download handler with content-disposition headers.
Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) rule set to block uploads matching known web shell signatures.

bash

# Example Apache configuration to disable script execution in an uploads directory
<Directory "/var/www/app/uploads">
    Options -ExecCGI
    RemoveHandler .php .phtml .phar .cgi .pl .py .jsp
    RemoveType .php .phtml .phar .cgi .pl .py .jsp
    AddType text/plain .php .phtml .phar .cgi .pl .py .jsp
    <FilesMatch "\.(php|phtml|phar|cgi|pl|py|jsp)$">
        Require all denied
    </FilesMatch>
</Directory>