CVE-2025-4459 Overview
CVE-2025-4459 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Patient Record Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in the fecalysis_form.php file, where the itr_no parameter is passed to the underlying database query without proper sanitization. Attackers can manipulate this argument to inject arbitrary SQL statements against the backend database. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network and requires only low-privilege access. Public disclosure of the exploit details has occurred, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic abuse against exposed installations.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers with low-level access can execute arbitrary SQL queries through the itr_no parameter, exposing patient records and potentially modifying clinical data.
Affected Products
- code-projects Patient Record Management System 1.0
- Component: fecalysis_form.php
- Vulnerable parameter: itr_no
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-05-09 - CVE-2025-4459 published to NVD
- 2025-05-16 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-4459
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The fecalysis_form.php script accepts the itr_no argument from user-supplied input and concatenates it directly into a SQL statement. Because the application performs no parameter binding or input validation, attacker-controlled SQL syntax executes within the database context.
Exploitation does not require user interaction. An authenticated user with low privileges can issue a crafted HTTP request that alters the intended query logic. Successful injection allows data extraction, authentication bypass through query manipulation, and tampering with stored patient records.
Root Cause
The root cause is the absence of prepared statements and input sanitization for the itr_no parameter in fecalysis_form.php. User input is interpolated into the SQL query string, allowing injection of boolean conditions, UNION-based extraction payloads, and stacked queries depending on the database driver configuration.
Attack Vector
Attackers reach the vulnerable endpoint over the network using standard HTTP requests. The attack pattern typically involves appending SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, comments, and UNION SELECT clauses to the itr_no value. Detailed exploitation steps are documented in the GitHub CVE Documentation and the corresponding VulDB entry #308078.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4459
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP requests targeting fecalysis_form.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION, or SLEEP( in the itr_no parameter.
- Web server access logs showing unusually long query strings or encoded payloads directed at the fecalysis form endpoint.
- Database error messages referencing syntax errors originating from the itr_no parameter context.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) signatures that match SQL injection patterns against requests to fecalysis_form.php.
- Enable database query logging and alert on queries containing concatenated user input with suspicious tautologies such as OR 1=1.
- Correlate authentication anomalies with parameter tampering on the patient record management endpoints.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor outbound traffic from the application server for data exfiltration patterns following suspicious query activity.
- Audit database accounts used by the web application for unexpected access to sensitive tables.
- Review HTTP request rates against fecalysis_form.php to identify automated injection scanning.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4459
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the Patient Record Management System to trusted internal networks or VPN-protected segments.
- Apply input validation at the web server or reverse proxy layer to reject SQL metacharacters in the itr_no parameter.
- Audit the database service account used by the application and remove unnecessary privileges such as FILE or DDL rights.
Patch Information
No official vendor patch has been published at the time of NVD listing. Users should monitor the Code Projects Portal for updates and review the VulDB advisory #308078 for remediation guidance. Until an official fix is available, organizations should modify fecalysis_form.php to use parameterized queries or prepared statements via PDO or MySQLi.
Workarounds
- Replace dynamic SQL concatenation in fecalysis_form.php with parameterized queries using PHP PDO prepare() and bindParam().
- Implement strict type validation on itr_no to ensure only numeric values are accepted before database submission.
- Deploy a WAF rule blocking SQL injection signatures targeting the affected endpoint.
- Consider taking the application offline if it is not essential, given the absence of a vendor patch and the public availability of exploit details.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
