CVE-2025-4446 Overview
CVE-2025-4446 is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the H3C GR-5400AX wireless router affecting firmware versions up to 100R008. The flaw resides in the Edit_List_SSID function within the /goform/aspForm endpoint. Manipulation of the param argument triggers memory corruption classified under [CWE-119]. Attackers must reach the device through the adjacent network, meaning exploitation requires access to the same local network segment as the target router. The vulnerability was published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) on May 9, 2025.
Critical Impact
Successful exploitation can corrupt memory in the router's web management daemon, enabling attackers on the local network to disrupt device operations or potentially execute code with device-level privileges.
Affected Products
- H3C GR-5400AX wireless router
- Firmware versions up to and including 100R008
- Web management interface exposed via /goform/aspForm
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-05-09 - CVE-2025-4446 published to NVD
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-4446
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability affects the Edit_List_SSID handler within the H3C GR-5400AX web administration binary. The handler processes requests submitted to the /goform/aspForm endpoint, which multiplexes several configuration actions on the router. When the handler processes the param argument tied to SSID list editing, it copies attacker-controlled input into a fixed-size buffer without enforcing length validation. This condition matches the classic [CWE-119] pattern of improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer.
Because the vulnerable code path runs inside the embedded web server on the router, memory corruption can crash the management daemon and, depending on stack layout and mitigations present in the firmware, may allow control-flow hijacking. The attack vector is adjacent, requiring the attacker to be on the same Layer 2 network as the device.
Root Cause
The root cause is missing bounds checking on the param argument consumed by Edit_List_SSID. Embedded router firmware frequently uses unsafe string operations such as strcpy or sprintf on request parameters, and this handler follows that pattern. The oversized input overruns the destination buffer and corrupts adjacent stack or heap data.
Attack Vector
An authenticated user with low privileges on the local network can send a crafted HTTP request to /goform/aspForm targeting the Edit_List_SSID action. The param value carries a payload exceeding the destination buffer's capacity. See the GitHub technical writeup and VulDB Entry #308056 for reproduction details. No verified public exploit code has been released, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4446
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected reboots or crashes of the H3C GR-5400AX web management daemon
- HTTP POST requests to /goform/aspForm containing oversized param values tied to SSID list editing
- Unexplained configuration changes to wireless SSID entries on the router
- Management interface becoming unresponsive after receipt of malformed requests
Detection Strategies
- Inspect HTTP traffic destined to router management interfaces for requests to /goform/aspForm with abnormally large param fields
- Alert on repeated malformed POST requests originating from a single internal host targeting router administration paths
- Correlate router availability loss with preceding HTTP administrative traffic in network telemetry
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward router syslog and management access logs to a centralized SIEM for anomaly detection
- Baseline normal management traffic volume and alert on deviations toward /goform/* endpoints
- Monitor DHCP and ARP tables for unauthorized hosts appearing on management network segments
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4446
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the router's web management interface to a dedicated administrative VLAN or trusted management hosts
- Disable remote management on WAN interfaces and enforce strong administrator credentials
- Audit connected clients on the wireless network and remove unknown devices
- Segment untrusted wireless clients away from the router management subnet
Patch Information
No vendor patch is referenced in the NVD entry or associated VulDB records at time of publication. Operators should monitor the H3C security advisory portal for firmware updates addressing the Edit_List_SSID handler and apply them promptly once released.
Workarounds
- Place the GR-5400AX behind an upstream firewall and block HTTP and HTTPS access to the management interface from general user VLANs
- Enforce administrative access only from a jump host on a management VLAN
- Consider replacing end-of-life or unpatched devices with hardware that receives active vendor security updates
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
