CVE-2025-42887: SAP Solution Manager RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-42887 Overview

CVE-2025-42887 is a critical code injection vulnerability in SAP Solution Manager caused by missing input sanitization. The flaw allows an authenticated attacker to insert malicious code when calling a remote-enabled function module. Successful exploitation could provide the attacker with full control of the system, leading to a complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code - Code Injection), indicating that the application constructs code segments using externally-influenced input without proper neutralization of special elements.

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can achieve full system control through code injection in remote-enabled function modules, resulting in complete compromise of system confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Affected Products

SAP Solution Manager (versions affected per SAP Note #3668705)

Discovery Timeline

November 11, 2025 - CVE-2025-42887 published to NVD
November 12, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-42887

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation within SAP Solution Manager's remote-enabled function module interface. Remote Function Calls (RFCs) in SAP environments provide a mechanism for external systems and users to invoke specific functions. When input sanitization is absent or insufficient, attackers can craft malicious payloads that are processed as executable code rather than data.

The scope change indicated in this vulnerability means that a successful exploit can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component's security scope. In the context of SAP Solution Manager, this could enable an attacker to pivot from the initial point of compromise to other connected SAP systems within the landscape.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing input sanitization in the remote-enabled function module. User-supplied input is passed directly to code execution contexts without proper validation, escaping, or neutralization of potentially malicious elements. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary code that executes with the privileges of the SAP system.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-accessible and requires only low-privilege authentication to SAP Solution Manager. An attacker would:

Authenticate to the SAP Solution Manager system with valid credentials (even low-privilege accounts are sufficient)
Invoke the vulnerable remote-enabled function module
Supply specially crafted input containing malicious code
The system processes the input without sanitization, executing the injected code
The attacker gains full control over the system

Due to the network attack vector and low complexity, this vulnerability can be exploited remotely without user interaction once the attacker has authenticated access.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-42887

Indicators of Compromise

Unusual RFC calls to SAP Solution Manager function modules from unexpected sources or users
Anomalous user session behavior indicating privilege escalation or lateral movement
Unexpected system configuration changes or new user account creation
Suspicious process execution or file system modifications on SAP application servers
Audit log entries showing abnormal function module invocations with atypical parameters

Detection Strategies

Enable and monitor SAP Security Audit Log (SM21) for suspicious RFC activity and function module calls
Implement network monitoring to detect unusual traffic patterns to SAP Solution Manager RFC ports
Deploy SIEM rules to correlate authentication events with subsequent high-privilege operations
Use SAP Enterprise Threat Detection (ETD) to identify exploitation attempts in real-time

Monitoring Recommendations

Configure alerting for failed and successful authentication attempts followed by RFC calls to sensitive function modules
Monitor system tables for unauthorized changes to user authorizations or system parameters
Implement baseline monitoring for normal RFC traffic patterns to identify anomalies
Review transaction logs (SM50/SM66) for unusual work process activity

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-42887

Immediate Actions Required

Apply the security patch referenced in SAP Note #3668705 immediately
Review and restrict RFC authorization objects (S_RFC) to limit access to remote-enabled function modules
Audit user accounts with RFC access and remove unnecessary privileges
Implement network segmentation to restrict access to SAP Solution Manager from untrusted networks
Enable enhanced logging and monitoring for SAP Solution Manager systems

Patch Information

SAP has released a security patch addressing this vulnerability as part of their Security Patch Day. Organizations should obtain the official fix from SAP Note #3668705. The patch implements proper input sanitization for the affected remote-enabled function module. Customers should follow SAP's standard patching procedures and test the update in a non-production environment before deployment.

For detailed patching guidance, refer to the SAP Security Patch Day portal.

Workarounds

Restrict network access to SAP Solution Manager RFC interfaces using firewall rules or SAP's ICM access control lists
Implement strict authorization controls using transaction SU24 to limit which users can invoke remote-enabled function modules
Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable function module if business operations permit, pending patch application
Enable SAP Web Dispatcher or reverse proxy with web application firewall capabilities to filter malicious requests
Implement additional authentication requirements (MFA) for users with RFC access privileges