CVE-2025-41427 Overview
CVE-2025-41427 is an OS command injection vulnerability affecting Elecom WRC-X3000GS, WRC-X3000GSA, and WRC-X3000GSN wireless routers. The flaw resides in the Connection Diagnostics page of the device's web management interface. A remote authenticated attacker can send a specially crafted request to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the affected router. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-78 for improper neutralization of special elements in OS commands.
Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can achieve arbitrary OS command execution on affected Elecom routers, enabling full device compromise, traffic interception, and pivoting into the connected network.
Affected Products
- Elecom WRC-X3000GS
- Elecom WRC-X3000GSA
- Elecom WRC-X3000GSN
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-06-24 - CVE-2025-41427 published to NVD
- 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-41427
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in the Connection Diagnostics page of the router's administrative web interface. This feature typically allows administrators to run diagnostic utilities such as ping or traceroute against a user-supplied target host. The affected Elecom firmware fails to sanitize special shell metacharacters in user-controlled input before passing it to the underlying operating system shell.
An authenticated attacker who can reach the management interface can inject shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &, or backticks into the diagnostic input field. The injected payload is then executed by the router's shell with the privileges of the web service, which on consumer routers typically runs as root.
Successful exploitation results in full command execution on the device. Attackers can modify firmware, install persistent backdoors, capture network traffic, or alter DNS settings to redirect users to malicious infrastructure.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command [CWE-78]. The Connection Diagnostics endpoint concatenates user input directly into a shell command string without escaping or input validation. No allowlist of permitted characters or parameterized execution is applied before the command reaches the system shell.
Attack Vector
Exploitation requires network access to the router's management interface and valid authentication credentials. The attack vector is network-based with low complexity. An attacker submits a crafted HTTP request to the Connection Diagnostics page with shell metacharacters embedded in a diagnostic parameter. The router shell interprets the injected commands and executes them alongside the intended diagnostic utility.
The vulnerability is described in prose only. Refer to the JVN #39435597 Advisory for additional technical context.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41427
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected outbound connections originating from the router's WAN or LAN interface to unknown hosts.
- HTTP POST requests to the Connection Diagnostics endpoint containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &&, backticks, or $().
- Unauthorized configuration changes, including DNS server modifications or new administrative accounts.
- New or modified processes running on the router outside of normal firmware behavior.
Detection Strategies
- Inspect router web access logs for requests to the diagnostic page that include non-alphanumeric characters in hostname or IP fields.
- Monitor authentication logs for successful logins followed by immediate access to diagnostic functionality.
- Compare router firmware checksums and configuration backups against known-good baselines to detect tampering.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward router syslog data to a centralized logging platform for correlation with broader network telemetry.
- Alert on changes to DNS configuration, port forwarding rules, or administrative user lists on managed routers.
- Watch for anomalous DNS traffic patterns from clients behind the affected routers, which may indicate redirection through attacker-controlled resolvers.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41427
Immediate Actions Required
- Apply the firmware update published by Elecom for WRC-X3000GS, WRC-X3000GSA, and WRC-X3000GSN as referenced in the Elecom Security Update.
- Change the administrative password on all affected routers and rotate any credentials that may have been exposed through device compromise.
- Restrict access to the router management interface to trusted internal hosts only and disable remote (WAN-side) administration.
Patch Information
Elecom has released firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-41427. Refer to the Elecom Security Update and the JVN #39435597 Advisory for the specific firmware versions and download instructions for each affected model.
Workarounds
- Disable WAN-side access to the management interface until the firmware update is applied.
- Place affected routers on isolated management VLANs and apply ACLs restricting access to the web administration port.
- Enforce strong, unique administrative credentials to limit the pool of attackers able to reach the authenticated attack surface.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
