CVE-2025-36513 Overview
CVE-2025-36513 is a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability affecting surveillance cameras manufactured by i-PRO Co., Ltd. An attacker can craft a malicious web page that triggers unintended actions on the affected device when an authenticated user views the page. The flaw is tracked under CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery.
The vulnerability requires user interaction and an active authenticated session. Successful exploitation can allow attackers to alter camera settings or trigger operator functions without consent. Additional technical context is available in the JVN #10964289 advisory and the i-PRO Security Advisories.
Critical Impact
An authenticated administrator visiting an attacker-controlled page can be forced to perform unintended operations on the surveillance camera, including configuration changes.
Affected Products
- i-PRO Co., Ltd. surveillance cameras (specific models listed in the vendor advisory)
- Refer to the i-PRO Security Advisories for the authoritative affected model and firmware list
- See JVN #10964289 for coordinated disclosure details
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-06-06 - CVE-2025-36513 published to NVD
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-36513
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) weakness in the web management interface of affected i-PRO surveillance cameras. The camera's HTTP endpoints accept state-changing requests without verifying that the request originated from a legitimate, user-initiated action within the camera's interface. An attacker who can lure an authenticated user to visit a crafted external page can force the browser to submit requests to the camera using the user's active session.
Because the requests carry the victim's session credentials, the camera processes them as legitimate operator input. Depending on the exposed endpoints, this can allow modification of camera settings, user accounts, or operational parameters. Exploitation requires network reachability from the victim's browser to the camera and an active authenticated session at the time of exploitation.
Root Cause
The underlying weakness is the absence of anti-CSRF protections on state-changing HTTP requests handled by the camera's web interface. Effective mitigations such as per-request synchronizer tokens, SameSite cookie attributes, or origin/referer validation are not enforced. This maps directly to CWE-352.
Attack Vector
Exploitation is network-based and requires user interaction. The attacker hosts a page containing hidden HTML forms, image tags, or JavaScript that automatically issues HTTP requests toward the camera's administrative endpoints. When a logged-in operator visits the malicious page, the browser attaches valid session cookies, and the camera executes the forged request. No credential theft is required, and the attacker does not need direct network access to the camera.
No verified public proof-of-concept code is available for CVE-2025-36513. See the i-PRO Security Advisories and JVN #10964289 for vendor-provided technical detail.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-36513
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected configuration changes on i-PRO cameras, including user accounts, network settings, or recording parameters
- HTTP requests to camera administrative endpoints with Referer or Origin headers pointing to external, untrusted domains
- Camera audit log entries showing administrative actions correlated with routine user web browsing sessions
Detection Strategies
- Inspect HTTP access logs from cameras or upstream proxies for state-changing requests whose Referer header does not match the camera's own hostname
- Correlate authenticated camera session activity with the user's simultaneous browsing to unrelated external sites
- Alert on out-of-hours or high-frequency administrative operations on surveillance devices
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward camera and network device logs to a centralized SIEM for correlation and long-term retention
- Monitor for unauthorized changes to camera firmware, user accounts, and streaming configurations
- Track browser telemetry from administrative workstations for connections to unknown domains preceding camera configuration changes
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-36513
Immediate Actions Required
- Apply firmware updates provided by i-PRO as listed in the vendor security advisories
- Restrict access to the camera management interface to trusted management networks and VLANs
- Require administrators to log out of the camera interface immediately after configuration tasks
Patch Information
i-PRO Co., Ltd. has published security advisories addressing this vulnerability. Consult the i-PRO PSIRT security advisories page and the coordinated JVN #10964289 disclosure to identify the fixed firmware versions applicable to your specific camera models.
Workarounds
- Segment surveillance cameras onto a dedicated management network unreachable from user browsing endpoints
- Use a dedicated administrative browser or workstation that does not access the general internet while a camera session is active
- Enforce browser policies that block third-party cookies and set restrictive SameSite behavior for administrative interfaces
- Terminate camera web sessions immediately after use and avoid keeping the management interface open in a browser tab
# Example: restrict access to camera management interface via firewall (iptables)
# Only allow the dedicated management subnet (10.10.50.0/24) to reach the camera at 10.20.30.40
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.10.50.0/24 -d 10.20.30.40 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.20.30.40 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.20.30.40 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
