CVE-2025-31089 Overview
CVE-2025-31089 is a SQL injection vulnerability in the Fahad Mahmood Order Splitter for WooCommerce WordPress plugin. The flaw affects all versions of woo-order-splitter up to and including 5.3.0. Improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands [CWE-89] allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious SQL statements. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low complexity and requires only low-privileged authentication. Successful exploitation results in confidentiality impact on the database backend, with scope change extending the attack across security boundaries. The issue was published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) on April 1, 2025.
Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can extract sensitive WooCommerce data, including customer records, order details, and WordPress user credentials, by injecting arbitrary SQL through the vulnerable plugin.
Affected Products
- Order Splitter for WooCommerce (woo-order-splitter) versions up to and including 5.3.0
- WordPress sites running the Fahad Mahmood Order Splitter plugin
- WooCommerce-enabled storefronts using the affected plugin for order management
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-04-01 - CVE-2025-31089 published to NVD
- 2026-04-23 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-31089
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability stems from the plugin's failure to sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries. The Order Splitter for WooCommerce plugin processes order data and constructs database queries dynamically. When attacker-controlled values reach these queries without parameterization or proper escaping, the database engine treats injected SQL syntax as part of the original statement.
The attack requires only low privileges, meaning any authenticated user with minimal permissions can exploit the flaw. The scope is marked as changed, indicating the impact extends beyond the vulnerable component to other database objects within the same WordPress installation. Attackers can read sensitive tables such as wp_users, wp_usermeta, and WooCommerce order tables containing customer personal data and payment metadata.
The Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) assigns this CVE a probability of 0.168%. No public proof-of-concept exploit is currently available, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special characters used in SQL commands [CWE-89]. The plugin concatenates request parameters directly into SQL statements rather than using prepared statements through WordPress's $wpdb->prepare() method. This pattern allows SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, comments, and UNION keywords to alter query semantics.
Attack Vector
An authenticated attacker sends crafted HTTP requests to plugin endpoints that accept order-related parameters. The malicious payload contains SQL syntax designed to extend or break out of the intended query. Once the backend executes the manipulated statement, the attacker retrieves arbitrary data from the WordPress database. The network-based attack vector means exploitation can occur remotely from any host capable of reaching the WordPress site.
No verified exploit code is publicly available. Refer to the Patchstack advisory for technical details on the affected parameters.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-31089
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual HTTP requests to woo-order-splitter plugin endpoints containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION SELECT, or OR 1=1
- WordPress database query errors logged in debug.log referencing the plugin's PHP files
- Unexpected SELECT statements against wp_users or WooCommerce order tables originating from plugin code paths
- Authenticated sessions issuing repeated parameterized requests with encoded payloads to plugin handlers
Detection Strategies
- Inspect web server access logs for requests targeting /wp-content/plugins/woo-order-splitter/ with suspicious query string content
- Enable WordPress query monitoring and alert on queries containing concatenated user input from the plugin context
- Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) rule set that flags SQL injection signatures against authenticated WordPress endpoints
- Correlate failed login attempts with subsequent plugin requests to identify credential-then-exploit patterns
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor outbound database query volumes from the WordPress host and alert on spikes that suggest data exfiltration
- Audit WordPress user accounts weekly to identify low-privilege accounts created for exploitation
- Forward webserver, PHP, and MySQL logs to a centralized logging platform for retention and analysis
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-31089
Immediate Actions Required
- Deactivate the Order Splitter for WooCommerce plugin until a patched version is installed
- Audit existing WordPress user accounts and revoke any unnecessary low-privilege roles
- Apply WAF rules to block SQL injection patterns targeting /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php and plugin-specific endpoints
- Review database logs for evidence of prior exploitation, focusing on SELECT statements against sensitive tables
Patch Information
At the time of publication, the vendor advisory tracked by Patchstack confirms the vulnerability affects versions through 5.3.0. Site administrators should consult the Patchstack advisory and the WordPress plugin repository for the latest fixed release and upgrade once available.
Workarounds
- Remove or disable the woo-order-splitter plugin entirely until a patched release is verified
- Restrict access to WordPress authenticated endpoints by IP allowlist where business operations permit
- Enforce least-privilege principles on WooCommerce roles to limit which accounts can reach the vulnerable code path
- Enable virtual patching through a WAF or managed WordPress security service that blocks known SQL injection payloads
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
