CVE-2025-29994: CAP Back Office Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-29994 Overview

CVE-2025-29994 is an improper authentication vulnerability affecting the CAP back office application. The flaw exists in an API endpoint that fails to enforce proper authentication checks. An attacker with a valid login ID can manipulate API input parameters through the request URL or payload to access other user accounts. The issue is classified under [CWE-1390] (Weak Authentication) and was published to the National Vulnerability Database on March 13, 2025. CERT-In tracked the issue as Vulnerability Note CIVN-2025-0048.

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can bypass authentication controls on API endpoints to access other user accounts, resulting in unauthorized disclosure of confidential data.

Affected Products

CAP back office application (specific version details not published in NVD)
Deployments exposing the affected API endpoint to network-reachable clients
Environments without compensating access controls at the API gateway layer

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-13 - CVE-2025-29994 published to NVD
2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-29994

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from improper authentication enforcement at an API endpoint within the CAP back office application. The endpoint accepts user-supplied parameters in the request URL or payload without verifying that the authenticated session is authorized to act on the referenced account. As a result, an attacker holding any valid login can craft requests that target other user identifiers and retrieve data belonging to those accounts.

The weakness aligns with [CWE-1390] (Weak Authentication). The vendor advisory describes the issue as exploitable remotely over the network with no user interaction. Successful exploitation yields a high confidentiality impact, while integrity and availability remain unaffected based on the published CVSS v4.0 vector.

Root Cause

The API endpoint performs authentication only against the requesting session token rather than validating that the session principal owns or has permission to access the resource identified in the request parameters. This decoupling of authentication from authorization permits horizontal privilege escalation across user accounts. The pattern is characteristic of broken object-level authorization, where the server trusts client-supplied identifiers without server-side ownership checks.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based. An attacker first authenticates using any valid login ID to obtain a session. The attacker then issues API requests in which user-identifying parameters, such as account identifiers or numeric primary keys, are substituted with values belonging to victim accounts. The application returns the victim's data without rejecting the request. Because no specialized tooling or elevated privileges are required, the technique is accessible to any low-privileged account holder. Refer to the CERT-In Vulnerability Note CIVN-2025-0048 for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-29994

Indicators of Compromise

API access log entries where the user identifier in the request payload or URL does not match the authenticated session principal
Repeated sequential or enumerated values appearing in user-identifier API parameters from a single session
Anomalous data egress volumes from a single authenticated account accessing API endpoints

Detection Strategies

Implement server-side correlation between session principal and any user identifier referenced in API requests, alerting on mismatches
Deploy API gateway rules that detect rapid iteration of identifier values within a fixed time window from one session
Review historical API logs for past requests where the requested resource owner differs from the authenticated user

Monitoring Recommendations

Centralize CAP back office API access logs into a SIEM with normalization for user identifier and session identifier fields
Establish baselines for legitimate cross-account access patterns to reduce false positives in alerting
Monitor authentication endpoints for credential stuffing or low-privilege account creation that could precede exploitation

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-29994

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network exposure of the CAP back office API to trusted management networks until a patch is deployed
Audit existing user accounts and disable inactive or unnecessary low-privilege accounts that could be used to authenticate
Review API access logs for evidence of cross-account parameter manipulation since the affected endpoint was deployed

Patch Information

Apply vendor-supplied updates for the CAP back office application as referenced in CERT-In Vulnerability Note CIVN-2025-0048. Verify with the vendor that the patched build enforces server-side authorization checks tying the authenticated session to the requested resource owner.

Workarounds

Place the affected API behind a reverse proxy or API gateway that enforces user-identifier-to-session binding before forwarding requests
Apply rate limiting and anomaly detection on the affected endpoint to slow enumeration of victim identifiers
Require step-up authentication or multi-factor verification for sensitive account-data API operations where feasible

bash

# Example: example API gateway rule pattern (pseudocode)
# Reject requests where payload user_id does not match session principal
if request.body.user_id != session.principal_id:
    return 403 Forbidden