CVE-2025-27631: TRMTracker LDAP Injection RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-27631 Overview

CVE-2025-27631 affects the TRMTracker web application, which is vulnerable to a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) injection attack. Attackers can inject crafted input into LDAP queries and execute remote commands that read and update data on the website. The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-90], Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query. The flaw is exploitable over the network without authentication or user interaction.

Critical Impact
Unauthenticated attackers can manipulate LDAP queries to read and modify application data through the TRMTracker web interface.

Affected Products

Hitachi Energy TRMTracker web application

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-25 - CVE-2025-27631 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-27631

Vulnerability Analysis

The TRMTracker web application fails to properly neutralize special characters supplied by users before incorporating them into LDAP queries. When user-controlled input reaches the LDAP query construction layer without sanitization, an attacker can alter the query's logical structure. This lets the attacker bypass authentication filters, enumerate directory entries, or trigger update operations against the underlying directory service.

The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network. No prior authentication or user interaction is required. Successful exploitation impacts both confidentiality and integrity, but it does not directly affect service availability. Because LDAP directories often store user identities, credentials, and access policies, injection primitives in this layer create a path to broader compromise of downstream applications relying on the directory.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper input neutralization of LDAP metacharacters such as *, (, ), \, and NUL before they are concatenated into an LDAP search or modify filter. This maps directly to [CWE-90]. The application constructs filter strings dynamically from request parameters rather than binding values through a parameterized LDAP API.

Attack Vector

An attacker submits crafted parameters to a TRMTracker web endpoint that builds an LDAP query. By inserting LDAP filter operators, the attacker rewrites the query logic. For example, injecting a wildcard * in place of a username field can broaden a lookup that was intended to match a single entry. The vulnerability manifests wherever user input flows into an LDAP filter without escaping. See the Hitachi Energy Security Advisory for vendor-specific technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-27631

Indicators of Compromise

Web server access logs containing LDAP metacharacters such as *, )(, |, or & within request parameters targeting TRMTracker endpoints.
Directory server audit logs showing anomalous search filters with wildcards or unusually broad match scopes originating from the TRMTracker service account.
Successful authentications or data modifications correlated with malformed request payloads.

Detection Strategies

Inspect HTTP request bodies and query strings sent to TRMTracker for LDAP special characters and filter fragments.
Correlate web application requests with downstream LDAP bind, search, and modify operations to identify unexpected query patterns.
Alert on LDAP responses returning unusually large result sets to the TRMTracker application.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose LDAP query logging on the directory server serving TRMTracker.
Forward web server, application, and LDAP logs into a centralized analytics platform for cross-source correlation.
Establish a baseline of legitimate TRMTracker LDAP query shapes and alert on deviations.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-27631

Immediate Actions Required

Apply the security update provided in the Hitachi Energy advisory for TRMTracker as soon as it is available.
Restrict network access to the TRMTracker web interface to trusted management networks only.
Rotate credentials of the LDAP service account used by TRMTracker if compromise is suspected.

Patch Information

Refer to the Hitachi Energy Security Advisory 8DBD000210 for the fixed versions and update instructions for the TRMTracker web application.

Workarounds

Place TRMTracker behind a web application firewall configured to reject requests containing LDAP filter metacharacters in user-supplied fields.
Limit the LDAP service account bound by TRMTracker to the minimum directory scope and read-only permissions where feasible.
Enforce network segmentation between the TRMTracker application server and the directory service to reduce blast radius.

bash

# Example WAF rule concept: block LDAP metacharacters in TRMTracker parameters
# Pseudocode - adapt to your WAF syntax
SecRule ARGS "@rx [\*\(\)\|&\\\\x00]" \
  "id:1002701,phase:2,deny,status:400,\
   msg:'Potential LDAP injection against TRMTracker'"