CVE-2025-2602: Advocate Office Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-2602 Overview

CVE-2025-2602 is a SQL injection vulnerability in SourceCodester Kortex Lite Advocate Office Management System version 1.0, produced by Mayurik. The flaw resides in the deactivate_reg.php file, where the ID parameter is concatenated into a SQL query without proper sanitization [CWE-74]. Remote attackers with low-level privileges can manipulate the ID argument to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit details have been disclosed publicly, increasing the risk of opportunistic abuse against exposed instances.

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can inject SQL through the ID parameter in deactivate_reg.php, exposing database contents and integrity in affected installations.

Affected Products

Mayurik Advocate Office Management System 1.0
SourceCodester Kortex Lite Advocate Office Management System 1.0
deactivate_reg.php endpoint

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-21 - CVE-2025-2602 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2602

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the deactivate_reg.php script of the Kortex Lite Advocate Office Management System. The application accepts the ID parameter from a remote HTTP request and incorporates it directly into a SQL query. Because the parameter is not validated or parameterized, an attacker can append SQL syntax that alters the query logic.

Successful exploitation allows reading, modifying, or deleting records in the underlying database. Mayurik distributes this PHP application broadly through SourceCodester, so vulnerable copies may exist in many small-practice environments. The attack requires authentication at a low privilege level and no user interaction.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements in a downstream SQL component [CWE-74]. The deactivate_reg.php handler passes the ID value to the database layer without prepared statements or input filtering. Standard SQL metacharacters such as single quotes and UNION keywords break out of the intended query context.

Attack Vector

The attack is delivered over the network against the web interface. An authenticated user submits a crafted ID value to deactivate_reg.php through a standard HTTP request. The exploit has been disclosed publicly via the GitHub Issue on CVE and indexed in VulDB #300586. No verified proof-of-concept code is included in this advisory, so refer to the referenced disclosure for technical specifics.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2602

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to deactivate_reg.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION, SELECT, or SLEEP( in the ID parameter.
Web server access logs showing repeated requests to deactivate_reg.php with abnormally long or encoded ID values.
Database error messages or stack traces returned to clients following requests to the vulnerable endpoint.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect the ID query parameter for SQL injection signatures on requests targeting deactivate_reg.php.
Enable database query logging to identify unexpected statements originating from the application user, such as UNION SELECT queries against system tables.
Correlate authentication logs with anomalous query patterns to identify abuse from low-privileged accounts.

Monitoring Recommendations

Monitor outbound data volumes from the application database host for signs of bulk extraction.
Alert on HTTP 500 responses from deactivate_reg.php, which often accompany SQL injection probing.
Track new or modified administrative accounts that may indicate post-exploitation persistence.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2602

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the Kortex Lite Advocate Office Management System to trusted networks or VPN users until a vendor fix is applied.
Audit recent activity in deactivate_reg.php access logs for signs of exploitation attempts referenced in the public disclosure.
Review database accounts used by the application and rotate credentials if compromise is suspected.

Patch Information

At the time of publication, Mayurik has not released an official patch referenced in the NVD entry. Administrators should consult the SourceCodester Security Resource and the VulDB CTI #300586 entry for vendor updates. Until a vendor fix is available, apply compensating controls described below.

Workarounds

Modify deactivate_reg.php to use prepared statements with bound parameters for the ID value, eliminating string concatenation in the SQL query.
Add server-side validation that enforces a strict integer type on the ID parameter before any database call.
Deploy a WAF rule that blocks requests to deactivate_reg.php when the ID parameter contains non-numeric characters.
Limit the database account used by the application to the minimum privileges required, removing schema and administrative rights.

bash

# Example ModSecurity rule to block non-numeric ID values on the vulnerable endpoint
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /deactivate_reg.php" \
  "chain,phase:2,deny,status:403,id:1002602,msg:'CVE-2025-2602 SQLi attempt'"
  SecRule ARGS:ID "!@rx ^[0-9]+$" "t:none"