CVE-2025-24849: Cloud Infrastructure Data Exposure Flaw

CVE-2025-24849 Overview

CVE-2025-24849 describes a cleartext transmission flaw [CWE-319] affecting cloud infrastructure used by a medical device ecosystem. The vulnerability stems from missing encryption in transit, which exposes sensitive data to interception and manipulation by attackers positioned on an adjacent network. CISA published Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-058-01 identifying Dario Health products as affected. An attacker with adjacent network access can intercept, read, or modify protected health information and device telemetry as it traverses unencrypted channels. The flaw does not require authentication, but exploitation requires user interaction and elevated attack complexity.

Critical Impact
An adjacent attacker can intercept or alter sensitive health data in transit due to missing transport encryption, threatening data confidentiality and integrity.

Affected Products

Dario Health cloud-connected medical device infrastructure (per CISA ICSMA-25-058-01)
Communications channels between client devices and Dario Health cloud services
Sensitive data flows lacking TLS or equivalent encryption in transit

Discovery Timeline

2025-02-28 - CVE-2025-24849 published to the National Vulnerability Database
2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-24849

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability falls under Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information [CWE-319]. The affected cloud infrastructure transports sensitive payloads without applying encryption controls such as Transport Layer Security (TLS). An attacker on an adjacent network segment can passively capture the traffic or actively modify it before it reaches the intended endpoint.

Because the affected systems handle protected health data, intercepted content can include personally identifiable information and device measurements. The integrity loss is equally significant. An attacker who alters telemetry in transit can influence downstream decisions made by clinicians or automated systems.

Exploitation does not require credentials. The attack vector is restricted to adjacent network positions and requires user interaction, which raises the bar compared to fully remote attacks but remains realistic on shared wireless or compromised local networks.

Root Cause

The root cause is the absence of encryption controls on communication channels carrying sensitive data. Developers either omitted TLS entirely or permitted plaintext fallback for endpoints that should enforce encrypted transport end to end.

Attack Vector

An attacker first obtains access to an adjacent network, such as a public Wi-Fi network or a compromised local segment. The attacker then performs traffic interception using standard network sniffing tools or an active man-in-the-middle position. Captured plaintext reveals sensitive fields directly. Modified packets can alter health readings, device commands, or session data before delivery. Refer to the CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-058-01 for additional technical context.

// No verified exploit code is published for CVE-2025-24849.
// The vulnerability is exploited through passive sniffing or active
// man-in-the-middle interception of unencrypted application traffic
// on an adjacent network segment.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-24849

Indicators of Compromise

Outbound connections from affected devices to cloud endpoints over plaintext HTTP or other unencrypted protocols
Unexpected ARP table changes or duplicate MAC addresses indicating man-in-the-middle activity on the local segment
Anomalous client certificate negotiations or downgraded TLS handshakes on links that should enforce encryption

Detection Strategies

Inspect network flows for cleartext transmission of patient data, authentication tokens, or device telemetry to cloud services
Deploy network sensors that flag protocols transmitting structured health data outside of TLS
Correlate device-to-cloud communications with expected destination IP ranges and certificate fingerprints

Monitoring Recommendations

Log and alert on any HTTP, FTP, or other plaintext traffic originating from medical devices or companion mobile applications
Monitor wireless segments for rogue access points and ARP spoofing tools commonly used in adjacent-network attacks
Maintain continuous visibility into east-west and egress traffic from clinical and home-care networks

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-24849

Immediate Actions Required

Contact Dario Health through their official contact page for vendor remediation guidance and firmware status
Segment affected medical devices onto isolated networks that prevent untrusted adjacent access
Require users to operate devices only on trusted networks until encrypted transport is enforced

Patch Information

No vendor patch identifier is listed in the NVD record at the time of publication. Customers should follow guidance in CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-058-01 and coordinate directly with Dario Health for remediation status.

Workarounds

Restrict device usage to networks protected by WPA3 or enterprise-grade encryption with client isolation
Route device traffic through a VPN tunnel that encrypts all communications between the device and the cloud backend
Disable or block legacy plaintext protocols at the network edge and enforce TLS interception policies that fail closed

bash

# Example: block plaintext HTTP egress from a medical device VLAN
iptables -A FORWARD -i vlan-medical -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -i vlan-medical -p tcp --dport 443 -m conntrack \
  --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT