CVE-2025-24556: MooWoodle Information Disclosure Flaw

CVE-2025-24556 Overview

CVE-2025-24556 is a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability in the DualCube MooWoodle WordPress plugin. The flaw affects all versions up to and including 3.2.4. MooWoodle integrates WooCommerce with Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) for selling online courses. The vulnerability stems from the insertion of sensitive information into log files [CWE-532], allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve embedded sensitive data. Successful exploitation discloses configuration data, credentials, or other secrets that the plugin writes to accessible log locations.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated network attackers can retrieve sensitive data embedded in plugin log files, exposing credentials and configuration details that enable follow-on attacks.

Affected Products

• DualCube MooWoodle plugin for WordPress
• All versions from initial release through 3.2.4
• WordPress sites integrating WooCommerce with Moodle via MooWoodle

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-02-03 - CVE-2025-24556 published to the National Vulnerability Database
• 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-24556

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is classified as Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File [CWE-532]. MooWoodle writes operational data to log files during normal plugin execution. These log entries contain sensitive values such as API tokens, Moodle web service keys, request payloads, or user information. When the log files reside in web-accessible locations without adequate access controls, unauthenticated attackers can request them directly over HTTP.

The vulnerability requires no authentication, no user interaction, and exploits low-complexity network requests. The confidentiality impact is high while integrity and availability remain unaffected. Attackers harvest the disclosed material to pivot into the Moodle backend, the WooCommerce store, or other integrated services.

Root Cause

The plugin logs sensitive runtime data without sanitization or redaction. Log files are written to predictable paths inside the plugin or uploads directory. WordPress does not restrict access to arbitrary .log or .txt files unless the site administrator adds explicit web server rules. The combination of verbose logging and an accessible storage path produces direct sensitive data exposure.

Attack Vector

An unauthenticated attacker enumerates the plugin path and requests known or guessable log file names through the WordPress site. The web server returns the raw log contents. The attacker parses the response for credentials, tokens, or personally identifiable information embedded by MooWoodle during normal operation. No payload, exploit chain, or specialized tooling is required beyond standard HTTP requests. Refer to the Patchstack Vulnerability Analysis for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-24556

Indicators of Compromise

• HTTP GET requests targeting MooWoodle plugin paths under /wp-content/plugins/moowoodle/ for .log, .txt, or debug files
• Unusual access patterns from external IP addresses requesting files inside the WordPress uploads directory
• Sudden spikes in 200-status responses for log file extensions in web server access logs
• Subsequent authentication attempts against Moodle web services using credentials previously written to plugin logs

Detection Strategies

• Search WordPress and web server access logs for requests containing moowoodle and log file extensions
• Audit plugin and uploads directories for files containing API keys, tokens, or user credentials in cleartext
• Correlate inbound log file access events with downstream Moodle or WooCommerce API activity from the same source IP

Monitoring Recommendations

• Forward WordPress, PHP, and web server logs to a centralized SIEM for cross-source correlation
• Alert on any direct HTTP retrieval of files under plugin directories that return non-empty bodies
• Monitor outbound use of API tokens issued to MooWoodle for anomalous geographic or timing patterns

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-24556

Immediate Actions Required

• Update MooWoodle to a version newer than 3.2.4 once DualCube releases a patched build
• Delete or relocate all existing MooWoodle log files outside the web root
• Rotate Moodle web service tokens, API keys, and any credentials that may have been written to plugin logs
• Review WordPress, WooCommerce, and Moodle audit trails for unauthorized use of disclosed credentials

Patch Information

DualCube has been notified through the Patchstack coordinated disclosure program. Site administrators should monitor the Patchstack Vulnerability Analysis page and the official MooWoodle plugin listing for the fixed release. Apply the update as soon as it becomes available and verify the version through the WordPress admin Plugins screen.

Workarounds

• Block direct web access to plugin log file extensions using web server rules in .htaccess or NGINX configuration
• Disable verbose or debug logging within MooWoodle plugin settings until a patch is applied
• Restrict access to the wp-content/plugins/moowoodle/ directory using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) ruleset
• Move all WordPress logs to a path outside the document root

# Apache: deny web access to MooWoodle log files
<FilesMatch "\.(log|txt)$">
    Require all denied
</FilesMatch>

# NGINX equivalent
location ~* /wp-content/plugins/moowoodle/.*\.(log|txt)$ {
    deny all;
    return 403;
}