CVE-2025-24489: Arbitrary File Upload RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-24489 Overview

CVE-2025-24489 is an unrestricted file upload vulnerability [CWE-434] disclosed through CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-100-01. An attacker with low-level privileges can upload arbitrary files through a specific service exposed by the affected product. Successful exploitation can lead to system compromise, including execution of attacker-controlled content on the target host.

The vulnerability is reachable over the network and does not require user interaction. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts are limited in scope but material to affected medical device environments.

Critical Impact
An authenticated attacker can upload arbitrary files to a vulnerable service, enabling potential system compromise of the affected medical device.

Affected Products

Refer to CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-100-01 for the authoritative list of affected products
Medical device software identified in the ICSMA advisory
Deployments exposing the vulnerable upload service on reachable networks

Discovery Timeline

2025-08-21 - CVE-2025-24489 published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
2026-06-17 - Last updated in the NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-24489

Vulnerability Analysis

CVE-2025-24489 is an unrestricted file upload weakness classified under [CWE-434]. The affected service accepts file uploads without adequately validating file type, extension, content, or destination path. An attacker who supplies a crafted file can place attacker-controlled content in a location that the underlying system will process or execute.

This class of flaw commonly enables adversaries to place web shells, replace configuration files, or overwrite executable resources. Because the vulnerability lives in a service exposed on the network, exploitation does not require local access to the device. The result is a viable path from limited authenticated access to broader system compromise.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing or insufficient validation of uploaded files by the vulnerable service. The service does not enforce strict allow-lists on file type, MIME type, extension, or upload destination. Without these controls, an attacker can write files that the host will later interpret, load, or execute.

Attack Vector

Exploitation requires network reachability to the vulnerable service and low-privilege authentication. The attacker submits a crafted upload request containing a malicious payload. Once written, the payload can be triggered through the service itself or through another component that processes the upload directory. Full technical details are restricted to the CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-100-01.

No verified public proof-of-concept code is available. See the CISA advisory for details on affected components and exploitation prerequisites.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-24489

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected files with executable or script extensions (.php, .jsp, .aspx, .sh, .py) written to upload directories on the affected device
Anomalous authenticated sessions issuing POST or PUT requests to the vulnerable upload endpoint from atypical source addresses
New files in web-accessible directories with recent timestamps that do not match legitimate device operations
Child processes spawned by the service account associated with the upload handler

Detection Strategies

Inspect service and web-server logs for upload requests referencing non-standard file types or oversized payloads
Baseline expected upload activity for the medical device and alert on deviations in frequency, source, or file characteristics
Deploy file-integrity monitoring on directories writable by the vulnerable service to flag unauthorized file creation
Correlate authentication events with upload attempts to identify credential misuse or low-privilege account abuse

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward device application and system logs to a centralized SIEM for cross-source correlation
Alert on process executions launched by the upload service account, especially interpreters or shells
Monitor outbound network connections from the affected device to detect post-exploitation command-and-control activity
Review authentication logs for the vulnerable service on a scheduled basis to detect anomalous access patterns

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-24489

Immediate Actions Required

Consult CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-100-01 and apply the vendor-supplied fix as soon as the vendor makes it available
Restrict network access to the affected device so that only clinically required systems can reach the vulnerable service
Rotate credentials for any accounts authorized to use the upload service and enforce least privilege
Audit upload directories for unexpected files and remove or quarantine anything not attributable to legitimate activity

Patch Information

Refer to the CISA Medical Advisory ICSMA-25-100-01 for vendor patch guidance, affected versions, and remediation instructions. As of the last NVD update on 2026-06-17, patch information is distributed through the CISA advisory and the associated vendor coordination process.

Workarounds

Place the affected device behind a segmented network with strict inbound access controls
Disable the vulnerable upload service if it is not required for clinical operations
Enforce web application firewall or reverse-proxy rules that restrict accepted file types and enforce size limits
Require multi-factor authentication for any account with access to the upload service where the platform supports it