CVE-2025-2412: Akinsoft QR Menu Auth Bypass Flaw

CVE-2025-2412 Overview

CVE-2025-2412 is an authentication bypass vulnerability in Akinsoft QR Menu caused by improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts [CWE-307]. The flaw affects QR Menu versions from s1.05.07 before v1.05.12. Attackers can perform brute-force authentication attempts against the application without rate limiting or account lockout enforcement. The issue is network-exploitable, requires no privileges, and needs no user interaction.

Critical Impact
Remote attackers can bypass authentication controls through brute-force attacks, gaining unauthorized access to QR Menu accounts and exposing confidential data.

Affected Products

Akinsoft QR Menu from version s1.05.07
Akinsoft QR Menu versions prior to v1.05.12
Fixed in Akinsoft QR Menu v1.05.12

Discovery Timeline

2025-09-01 - CVE-2025-2412 published to NVD
2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2412

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from missing controls on repeated authentication attempts in Akinsoft QR Menu. The application does not enforce account lockout, throttling, or progressive delays after failed login attempts. Attackers can submit unlimited credential combinations against the authentication endpoint. This makes brute-force and credential-stuffing attacks practical against valid user accounts.

The weakness maps to CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts. Successful exploitation grants attackers access to the QR Menu administrative interface and customer-facing menu management functions. The Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) currently lists a low probability of exploitation, but the absence of authentication controls makes opportunistic abuse straightforward.

Root Cause

The root cause is the absence of server-side rate limiting and lockout logic in the authentication workflow. The application accepts repeated failed login requests from the same source without imposing CAPTCHA challenges, exponential backoff, or session-based attempt counters. Authentication state is not bound to attempt history, allowing an attacker to iterate through password lists at network speed.

Attack Vector

An unauthenticated remote attacker sends repeated POST requests to the QR Menu login endpoint with varying password values. Because no throttling is applied, the attacker can test thousands of credentials per minute against known or enumerated usernames. Weak, reused, or default passwords are recovered quickly. After a successful guess, the attacker authenticates as a legitimate user and accesses menu data, customer information, and configuration settings.

No verified proof-of-concept code is published for CVE-2025-2412. Refer to the USOM Security Notification TR-25-0202 for vendor-coordinated details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2412

Indicators of Compromise

High volume of failed login requests to the QR Menu authentication endpoint from a single source IP or distributed botnet
Successful login events immediately following large bursts of failed attempts for the same username
Login activity originating from geographic locations or ASNs that do not match historical user patterns
Unexpected configuration or menu changes following anomalous authentication events

Detection Strategies

Parse web server and application logs for repeated 401/403 responses on login routes followed by a 200 or 302 success response
Establish a baseline of normal failed-login rates per account and alert on deviations above two standard deviations
Correlate authentication failures with subsequent administrative actions to flag likely compromised accounts

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward QR Menu authentication logs to a centralized log platform with retention sufficient for forensic review
Implement alerting on more than 10 failed authentication attempts per minute per account or source IP
Monitor for credential-stuffing patterns where many usernames are tested against the same password

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2412

Immediate Actions Required

Upgrade Akinsoft QR Menu to version v1.05.12 or later, which addresses the missing authentication attempt restriction
Force a password reset for all QR Menu accounts and require strong, unique passwords
Review authentication logs for the period preceding the upgrade to identify any successful brute-force attempts

Patch Information

Akinsoft has released QR Menu v1.05.12 to remediate CVE-2025-2412. Administrators should apply this update on all instances running affected versions in the s1.05.07 through pre-v1.05.12 range. Consult the USOM Security Notification TR-25-0202 for vendor advisory details.

Workarounds

Place the QR Menu application behind a web application firewall (WAF) with rate-limiting rules on login endpoints
Restrict access to the administrative login interface by source IP or VPN where business requirements permit
Enable multi-factor authentication at an upstream proxy if the application does not natively support it

bash

# Example nginx rate-limit configuration for the login endpoint
http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=qrmenu_login:10m rate=5r/m;

    server {
        location /login {
            limit_req zone=qrmenu_login burst=3 nodelay;
            proxy_pass http://qrmenu_backend;
        }
    }
}