CVE-2025-2393 Overview
CVE-2025-2393 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Online Class and Exam Scheduling System version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /pages/salut_del.php script, where the id parameter is passed directly into a database query without sanitization. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate the id argument to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of opportunistic use against exposed installations. The weakness maps to [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output).
Critical Impact
Successful exploitation allows attackers to read, modify, or delete records in the application's backing database, compromising the confidentiality and integrity of scheduling, user, and exam data.
Affected Products
- code-projects Online Class and Exam Scheduling System 1.0
- Component: /pages/salut_del.php
- Vulnerable parameter: id
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-03-17 - CVE-2025-2393 published to NVD
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-2393
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in the salut_del.php deletion handler of the Online Class and Exam Scheduling System. The script accepts an id query parameter and concatenates it into a SQL statement executed against the application database. Because the parameter is not validated, escaped, or bound as a prepared statement, an attacker controlling the input controls the resulting SQL syntax. The flaw is remotely reachable over the network and requires authenticated access to the affected page.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of user-supplied input in a downstream SQL query, classified under [CWE-74]. The id argument flows from the HTTP request into a dynamically constructed query. No parameterized queries, prepared statements, or input allowlisting are applied before the value reaches the database driver.
Attack Vector
An attacker with valid application credentials sends a crafted HTTP request to /pages/salut_del.php with a manipulated id parameter. Typical payloads use UNION-based, boolean-based, or time-based techniques to extract data, escalate privileges within the application, or destroy records. Because the vulnerable endpoint is a delete handler, injected statements can also stack destructive operations such as DROP or DELETE against arbitrary tables, depending on database permissions.
Detailed proof-of-concept notes are published in the GitHub XSS Exploit Documentation and the VulDB #299892 Detail advisory.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2393
Indicators of Compromise
- Web server access logs containing requests to /pages/salut_del.php with SQL metacharacters in the id parameter (for example ', --, UNION, SLEEP(, OR 1=1).
- Unexpected DELETE, UPDATE, or DROP statements in database audit logs originating from the application service account.
- Sudden loss of rows in scheduling, user, or exam tables without corresponding application activity.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy a web application firewall rule that inspects the id parameter on salut_del.php and blocks SQL metacharacters and known injection tokens.
- Enable database query logging and alert on multi-statement queries or unusual time-delay functions issued by the application user.
- Correlate authentication events with requests to the vulnerable endpoint to identify credential abuse.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor for repeated 500-series HTTP responses from salut_del.php, which frequently accompany injection probing.
- Track outbound connections from the database host that could indicate exfiltration following successful injection.
- Baseline normal request volume to the deletion endpoint and alert on deviations.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2393
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the Online Class and Exam Scheduling System until a fix is applied, limiting exposure to trusted internal users.
- Rotate application and database credentials if the platform has been reachable from untrusted networks.
- Audit the database for unauthorized modifications to scheduling, user, and exam tables.
Patch Information
No vendor advisory or official patch has been published by code-projects for CVE-2025-2393 at the time of NVD entry. Administrators should track the Code Projects Overview site and the VulDB #299892 CTI Report for updates. Because the product is a small educational PHP application, operators may need to apply source-level fixes directly.
Workarounds
- Modify salut_del.php to cast the id parameter with intval() or bind it through a prepared statement using PDO or mysqli parameterized queries.
- Add a web application firewall signature that blocks SQL metacharacters on the id query parameter for the affected path.
- Enforce least-privilege database accounts so the web application user cannot execute DROP or cross-schema statements.
# Example hardening: replace vulnerable query with a prepared statement in salut_del.php
# Before: $sql = "DELETE FROM salutations WHERE id = " . $_GET['id'];
# After (PDO):
# $stmt = $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM salutations WHERE id = :id');
# $stmt->bindValue(':id', (int) $_GET['id'], PDO::PARAM_INT);
# $stmt->execute();
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
