CVE-2025-2374: PHPGurukul HMPV Testing System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-2374 Overview

CVE-2025-2374 is a SQL injection vulnerability in PHPGurukul Human Metapneumovirus Testing Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in the /profile.php script, where the aid, adminname, mobilenumber, and email parameters are passed to the underlying database without proper sanitization. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate these inputs to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit has been disclosed publicly, increasing exposure for unpatched installations. The issue is tracked under [CWE-89] (SQL Injection) and [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements).

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can inject arbitrary SQL through /profile.php parameters, leading to unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure of records stored in the application database.

Affected Products

PHPGurukul Human Metapneumovirus Testing Management System 1.0
Deployments using the /profile.php administrative interface
Installations exposing the application to network-reachable users

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-17 - CVE-2025-2374 published to NVD
2025-05-08 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2374

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from unsanitized concatenation of user-supplied input into SQL queries within /profile.php. The aid, adminname, mobilenumber, and email parameters reach the database layer without parameterization or input validation. An attacker authenticated to the admin profile workflow can append SQL clauses to extract data, modify records, or enumerate database structure. Because the application handles healthcare-related records, exploitation can expose sensitive administrative information. The flaw is exploitable over the network and requires low-complexity input manipulation, with public proof-of-concept references increasing the likelihood of opportunistic abuse.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands [CWE-89]. The /profile.php script builds SQL queries through direct string interpolation of request parameters. The application does not use prepared statements or input filtering, allowing injected SQL syntax to alter query semantics.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires low privileges. An attacker submits crafted HTTP requests to /profile.php, embedding SQL payloads in aid, adminname, mobilenumber, or email. Successful injection allows execution of arbitrary SQL against the backend, including UNION-based extraction, boolean blind, and time-based techniques.

No verified exploit code is published in trusted repositories. Technical details are referenced in the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB #299873.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2374

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /profile.php containing SQL meta-characters such as single quotes, UNION SELECT, --, OR 1=1, or SLEEP( in aid, adminname, mobilenumber, or email parameters
Database error messages or unusually long response times tied to /profile.php requests
Unexpected modifications to administrator records or new admin accounts created outside change-control windows

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server access logs for query strings or POST bodies targeting /profile.php with SQL syntax tokens
Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) rule set covering SQL injection signatures against the parameters aid, adminname, mobilenumber, and email
Correlate authentication events with sudden admin profile updates to detect tampering through injection

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable database query logging and alert on errors originating from the application's database user
Monitor for outbound data spikes from the web server, which may indicate bulk extraction via SQL injection
Track repeated 4xx or 5xx responses on /profile.php from a single source as potential payload tuning activity

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2374

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to /profile.php and the administrative interface to trusted IP ranges or VPN users
Audit administrator accounts and database contents for unauthorized changes since the last known-good backup
Rotate credentials for any administrator accounts that may have been exposed through the injection

Patch Information

No vendor patch has been referenced in the published advisories. Consult the PHP Gurukul Security Resources and the VulDB CTI ID #299873 entry for updates. If no fix is available, evaluate whether the application can be retired or replaced with a maintained alternative.

Workarounds

Place the application behind a WAF configured to block SQL injection patterns in /profile.php parameters
Modify the application code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions
Apply server-side input validation that enforces strict types and length limits on aid, adminname, mobilenumber, and email

bash

# Example ModSecurity rule to block SQL injection attempts against /profile.php
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@beginsWith /profile.php" \
    "phase:2,chain,deny,status:403,id:1002374,msg:'CVE-2025-2374 SQLi attempt'"
    SecRule ARGS:aid|ARGS:adminname|ARGS:mobilenumber|ARGS:email \
        "@detectSQLi" "t:none,t:urlDecodeUni"