CVE-2025-2367: Oiwtech OIW-2431APGN-HP RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2367 Overview

CVE-2025-2367 is an operating system (OS) command injection vulnerability affecting the Oiwtech OIW-2431APGN-HP wireless access point running firmware version 2.5.3-B20131128. The flaw resides in the /boafrm/formScript endpoint associated with the Personal Script Submenu component. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate input to inject arbitrary operating system commands into the device. The weakness is categorized under CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic exploitation against exposed devices. The vendor was contacted before disclosure but did not respond.

Critical Impact
Successful exploitation allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands on the affected access point, potentially leading to full device compromise and pivoting into internal networks.

Affected Products

Oiwtech OIW-2431APGN-HP wireless access point
Firmware version 2.5.3-B20131128
Personal Script Submenu component reachable via /boafrm/formScript

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-17 - CVE-2025-2367 published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2367

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the request handler for /boafrm/formScript, part of the device's web management interface built on the Boa HTTP server. The Personal Script Submenu accepts user-supplied input that is passed to a shell interpreter without proper neutralization of shell metacharacters. Because the input reaches an OS command context unsanitized, an attacker with low-privilege authenticated access can append or chain arbitrary commands. Exploitation occurs over the network without user interaction. The affected firmware appears to be a legacy build dating to late 2013, and no vendor patch has been released. The vulnerability is publicly documented in VulDB entry 299866, which increases the risk of automated scanning and exploitation.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command [CWE-77]. Parameters submitted to /boafrm/formScript are concatenated into a shell command executed by the underlying firmware. Metacharacters such as ;, |, &, and backticks are not filtered or escaped before the command is passed to the operating system.

Attack Vector

An attacker who can authenticate to the device's web interface issues a crafted HTTP POST request to /boafrm/formScript, embedding shell metacharacters in a parameter processed by the Personal Script Submenu. The injected commands run with the privileges of the web server process, which on embedded devices is typically the root user. The attack requires network reachability to the management interface and low-privilege credentials.

No verified proof-of-concept code is published in the enriched data set. See the VulDB CTI entry for #299866 for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2367

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected HTTP POST requests to /boafrm/formScript containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &&, or backticks in request parameters.
Outbound connections initiated by the access point to unfamiliar external hosts, indicating post-exploitation callbacks.
New or modified files, cron entries, or startup scripts on the device that were not deployed by administrators.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server and reverse-proxy logs for POST requests to /boafrm/formScript and alert on suspicious parameter values.
Deploy network intrusion detection signatures that flag shell metacharacter patterns targeting the Boa formScript endpoint.
Baseline management-plane traffic to and from access points and alert on deviations, such as unexpected egress to the internet.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward network telemetry from switches fronting management VLANs to a centralized analytics platform for retrospective search.
Continuously monitor authentication events against the device's web interface for brute-force patterns and unusual source addresses.
Track firmware versions across the wireless fleet to identify devices running the vulnerable 2.5.3-B20131128 build.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2367

Immediate Actions Required

Remove the affected OIW-2431APGN-HP devices from any network segment reachable by untrusted users until a mitigation is in place.
Restrict access to the device's web management interface to a dedicated administrative VLAN protected by an access control list.
Rotate all administrative credentials for the affected devices to reduce the risk of low-privilege abuse.

Patch Information

No vendor patch is available. According to the disclosure, the vendor was contacted but did not respond. Organizations relying on the OIW-2431APGN-HP 2.5.3-B20131128 firmware should plan for decommissioning or replacement with a supported product. Track updates through VulDB entry 299866 and the original VulDB submission #515126.

Workarounds

Disable remote administration over WAN interfaces and permit management access only from wired, trusted subnets.
Place the access point behind a firewall that blocks inbound HTTP and HTTPS traffic to the management port from all but a jump host.
Use a reverse proxy or web application firewall to filter requests to /boafrm/formScript and drop payloads containing shell metacharacters.
If the Personal Script feature is not required, disable it in the device configuration to reduce the exposed attack surface.

bash

# Example firewall rule to restrict management access (Linux iptables)
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <AP_IP> --dport 80 -s <ADMIN_SUBNET> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <AP_IP> --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <AP_IP> --dport 443 -s <ADMIN_SUBNET> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <AP_IP> --dport 443 -j DROP